Aging-Related Functional and Structural Changes in Renal Tissues: Lesson from a Camel Model

Khafaga, Asmaa F.; Elewa, Yaser Hosny Ali; Atta, Mustafa S.; Noreldin, Ahmed E.

doi:10.1017/s1431927621000210

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Also, as we noted, the expression of AQP2 was localized in the epithelium lining the collecting tubules, especially in the plasma membrane (Michalek et al, 2014). The immune expression in the case of dromedaries showed strong expression of the lining epithelium of collecting tubules and the moderate reaction of the loop of Henle (Khafaga et al, 2021). Altogether, these data strongly suggest that dromedaries can produce highly concentrated urine, which was ensured by Alvira-Iraizoz et al (2021) who revealed that water retention in the kidney indirectly facilitated by the AQP2-mediated water reabsorption.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Comparative physiological, morphological, histological, and AQP2 immunohistochemical analysis of the Arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius) and oxen kidney: Effects of adaptation to arid environments

et al. 2023

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Compared to other mammals, Arabian camels are ideal models for exploring the structural adaptations that enable camels to survive in arid environments. Thus, this study aimed to explore how evolutionary adaptation to arid conditions modifies the characteristics of the kidneys in Arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius) compared to oxen. Urine samples were physically and chemically analyzed. Harvested kidneys were subjected to topographical and fast spin echo magnetic resonance (FSE-MR) imaging. Histology, histomorphometry, and Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression by immunohistochemistry were also performed. Here, in dromedaries, sodium and potassium values in the urine were much higher (p=0.001, for both), whereas chloride was much lower (p=0.004) than the values of oxen. Compared with oxen, the level of the hormone aldosterone in serum was significantly lower (p=0.002), whereas creatinine and urea were significantly higher (p=0.005 and p=0.001, respectively). Uric acid in dromedaries and oxen did not differ significantly (p=0.349). Like sodium levels (p=0.001) in dromedary serum, chloride was also much higher (p=0.002) than in oxen. The average value of potassium was much lower (p=0.009) than that of oxen. Morphologically, anatomical and FSE MRI studies revealed that minor and major calyces were not found in dromedary kidneys. The renal pelvis was not found in oxen, and the major calyx was directly connected to the ureter. The dromedary kidney contained a wider medullary portion as well as increased diameters for renal corpuscles (RCs), proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs), and collecting tubules (CTs, p<0.05) compared with the oxen. We also noted that AQP2 was significantly expressed in dromedary nephron components, except for RCs, compared with oxen as shown by immunohistochemistry. Overall, these data strongly suggest that the dromedary has a greater ability to adapt to harsh desert conditions in terms of producing highly concentrated urine than oxen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Comparative physiological, morphological, histological, and AQP2 immunohistochemical analysis of the Arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius) and oxen kidney: Effects of adaptation to arid environments

et al. 2023

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“…Aging is linked to functional decline in the kidneys [ 132 , 133 ]. It has been established that there are numerous changes in the molecular, structural, and morphological levels in the kidney [ 134 , 135 ]. In aging kidneys, there are increased levels of oxidative stress, as reflected by increased lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreased levels of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase [ 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 ].…”

Section: Miscellaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal-Protective Roles of Lipoic Acid in Kidney Disease

Kamt

Liu

2023

Nutrients

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The kidney is a crucial organ that eliminates metabolic waste and reabsorbs nutritious elements. It also participates in the regulation of blood pressure, maintenance of electrolyte balance and blood pH homeostasis, as well as erythropoiesis and vitamin D maturation. Due to such a heavy workload, the kidney is an energy-demanding organ and is constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous insults, leading to the development of either acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nevertheless, there are no therapeutic managements to treat AKI or CKD effectively. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches for fighting kidney injury are urgently needed. This review article discusses the role of α-lipoic acid (ALA) in preventing and treating kidney diseases. We focus on various animal models of kidney injury by which the underlying renoprotective mechanisms of ALA have been unraveled. The animal models covered include diabetic nephropathy, sepsis-induced kidney injury, renal ischemic injury, unilateral ureteral obstruction, and kidney injuries induced by folic acid and metals such as cisplatin, cadmium, and iron. We highlight the common mechanisms of ALA’s renal protective actions that include decreasing oxidative damage, increasing antioxidant capacities, counteracting inflammation, mitigating renal fibrosis, and attenuating nephron cell death. It is by these mechanisms that ALA achieves its biological function of alleviating kidney injury and improving kidney function. Nevertheless, we also point out that more comprehensive, preclinical, and clinical studies will be needed to make ALA a better therapeutic agent for targeting kidney disorders.

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