Aging of the Arterial System

Castelli, Roberto; Gidaro, Antonio; Casu, Gavino; Merella, Pierluigi; Profili, Nicia I.; Donadoni, Mattia; Maioli, Margherita; Delitala, Alessandro

doi:10.3390/ijms24086910

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…Established conventional risk factors for AS include age, DM, hypertension (particularly SBP), hyperlipidemia, and obesity [ 5 ]. In particular, age is a significant clinical determinant of AS in healthy and diseased populations, irrespective of other risk factors [ 6 ]. Repetitive stress cycles lead to fracturing and fragmentation of elastin fibers in proximal arteries, resulting in the stiffening of large arteries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Routine surveillance of CVD risk and prompt intervention are essential components of post-KT evaluations [ 3 ]. Arterial stiffness (AS) is a surrogate marker of the aging process and atherosclerosis, as evidenced by studies involving patients with old age, hypertension, DM, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and end-stage renal disease [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), calculated by the pressure wave propagation along the arterial tree, is a standard measurement of AS [ 5 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Phenylacetylglutamine among Potential Risk Factors for Arterial Stiffness Measuring by Carotid–Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients with Kidney Transplantation

Yang,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Toxins

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Phenylacetylglutamine (PAG), a gut microbiota metabolite, is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness (AS), which is a marker of aging-associated vascular diseases, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the correlation between serum PAG levels and AS in kidney transplantation (KT) patients, potentially uncovering new insights into the cardiovascular risks in this population. In this study, 100 KT patients were included. Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured, and patients with cfPWV > 10 m/s were categorized as the AS group. Serum PAG levels were assessed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Thirty KT patients (30.0%) exhibited AS, with higher percentages of diabetes mellitus, older age, and elevated levels of systolic blood pressure, serum fasting glucose, and PAG than the control group. After adjusting for factors significantly associated with AS by multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum PAG, age, fasting glucose levels, and systolic blood pressure were independent factors associated with AS. Furthermore, PAG levels had a negative correlation with the estimated glomerular filtration rate and a positive correlation with cfPWV values. Serum PAG levels are positively associated with cfPWV values and are a biomarker of AS in KT patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Phenylacetylglutamine among Potential Risk Factors for Arterial Stiffness Measuring by Carotid–Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients with Kidney Transplantation

Yang,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Toxins

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“…The tight correlation between age and MVs was already reported by Gustafson et al [42] in a younger and smaller cohort. The novelty of our study is the combined correlation between age, MVs, and pro-coagulant markers that explain the well-known age-related higher risk of thrombosis [43,44], as well as the increased cardiovascular risk due to aging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet Microvesicles, Inflammation, and Coagulation Markers: A Pilot Study

Gidaro,

Delitala,

Manetti

et al. 2023

Hematology Reports

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Background: Platelet “Microvesicles” (MVs) are studied for their role in blood coagulation and inflammation. The study aimed to establish if MVs are related to age, plasma levels of inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis markers in healthy individuals. Methods: We prospectively enrolled volunteers aged over 18 years. MVs, plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), Interleukin 17 (IL-17), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (VWF), homocysteine, factor VII (FVII), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), and Protein S were tested. Results: A total of 246 individuals (median age 65 years (“IQR”54–72)) were evaluated. Both univariate analysis and logistic regression models showed that MVs positively correlate with age, CRP, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, fibrinogen, PAI-1, VWF, FVII, and homocysteine, while inversely correlating with TAFI and Protein S. The ROC curve analysis performed to identify a cut off for MV values (700 kMP) showed a good accuracy with over-range cytokines fibrinolysis factor and coagulation markers. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to correlate MVs with an entire panel of cardiovascular risk factors in healthy individuals. A future possible role of MVs in screening exams is suggested.

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“…Large artery stiffening (LAS) precedes isolated systolic hypertension and establishes a cycle of hemodynamic stress leading to endothelial disfunction, which includes inward remodeling of small arteries, which increases resistance and blood pressure. Arterial stiffness can reflect vascular aging, be an early marker of vascular disfunction, and therefore be a useful therapeutic target in cardiovascular prevention [ 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Aortic Wall Physiopathology and Pulse Wave Velocity (Pwv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortopathies: From Etiology to the Role of Arterial Stiffness

Bonfioli

Rodella

Rosati

et al. 2023

JCM

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The aorta and aortic wall have a complex biological system of structural, biochemical, biomolecular, and hemodynamic elements. Arterial stiffness could be considered a manifestation of wall structural and functional variations, and it has been revealed to have a strong connection with aortopathies and be a predictor of cardiovascular risk, especially in patients affected by hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and nephropathy. Stiffness affects the function of different organs, especially the brain, kidneys, and heart, promoting remodeling of small arteries and endothelial dysfunction. This parameter could be easily evaluated using different methods, but pulse-wave velocity (PWV), the speed of transmission of arterial pressure waves, is considered the gold standard for a good and precise assessment. An increased PWV value indicates an elevated level of aortic stiffness because of the decline in elastin synthesis and activation of proteolysis and the increase in fibrosis that contributes to parietal rigidity. Higher values of PWV could also be found in some genetic diseases, such as Marfan syndrome (MFS) or Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS). Aortic stiffness has emerged as a major new cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, and its evaluation using PWV could be very useful to identify patients with a high cardiovascular risk, giving some important prognostic information but also being used to value the benefits of therapeutic strategies.

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Aging of the Arterial System

Cited by 19 publications

References 113 publications

Serum Phenylacetylglutamine among Potential Risk Factors for Arterial Stiffness Measuring by Carotid–Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients with Kidney Transplantation

Serum Phenylacetylglutamine among Potential Risk Factors for Arterial Stiffness Measuring by Carotid–Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients with Kidney Transplantation

Platelet Microvesicles, Inflammation, and Coagulation Markers: A Pilot Study

Aortopathies: From Etiology to the Role of Arterial Stiffness

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