Aging of lymphoid organs: Can photobiomodulation reverse age‐associated thymic involution via stimulation of extrapineal melatonin synthesis and bone marrow stem cells?

Odinokov, Denis; Hamblin, Michael R.

doi:10.1002/jbio.201700282

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…[41], but we believe that the decrease in the receptors themselves as well as the melatonin content might have an altering effect on the architecture of the thymus, consequently affecting the main function of this organ. Consistent with our conclusion, Odinokov and Hamblin suggest that photo-biomodulation can revert age-associated thymic involution through stimulation of extra-pineal synthesis, thus improving the immune function [42]. Although additional studies are necessary to better understand the network between the neuroendocrine and immune systems within the human thymus, our findings suggest that melatonin locally produced may participate in intra-thymic maturation and T-cell differentiation, which leads to the development of cell-mediated immunity in humans.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Temporal expression patterns of the melatoninergic system in the human thymus of children

Cruz‐Chamorro

Álvarez-Sánchez

Escalante-Andicoechea

et al. 2019

Molecular Metabolism

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ObjectivesTo obtain greater knowledge of the extra-pineal sources of melatonin during development, the amount of indolamine and the expression levels of the last two enzymes involved in its biosynthesis, Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), were analyzed in the human thymus from children from three different age groups (from days to years). The melatonin membrane and nuclear receptor expression levels also were studied.MethodsQuantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and western blot were performed to investigate the receptor and enzyme expression levels. The results were examined and correlated with the ages of the thymuses.ResultsWe found high levels of indolamine in the thymuses of newborns (younger than 1 month), which decreased during development; thymuses from the months (from 2 to 11 months) and years (from 1 to 12 years) groups showed lower levels. A similar decline was also observed in the mRNA of the AANAT enzyme and the expression levels of melatonin receptors. However, ASMT expression was exactly the opposite, with low levels in the newborn group and higher levels in the years group. Our results show that the thymic synthesis of melatonin occurs very early in childhood. Additionally, this is the first report that is focused on melatonin receptors expression in the human thymus.ConclusionConsidering the limited melatonin synthesis performed by the newborn pineal gland, we suggest that the high levels of melatonin found in human thymus in this experimental group arise from synthesis in the tissue itself, which could be contributing to the immune efficiency at the thymic level.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Temporal expression patterns of the melatoninergic system in the human thymus of children

Cruz‐Chamorro

Álvarez-Sánchez

Escalante-Andicoechea

et al. 2019

Molecular Metabolism

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“…10 Photobiomodulation (PBM) (or low-level laser therapy, LLLT) is newly implemented to reduce thymic involution, improve immunity, and extend lifespan. 11 In aging mice, there were disorganization of the thymic compartments, morphological alterations in the epithelial cells and their staining patterns, and increased apoptosis. 12 Age-related thymic atrophy primarily affects its stromal cells.…”

Section: Aging and Thymus Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging of thymus gland and immune system

Haroun¹

2018

MOJAP

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Aging is an inevitable, progressive and irreversible process that is manifested with multiple organ dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered the main etiological factor of aging. The thymus gland is the primary site of T cell production and it represents a key organ of the immune system. It is endodermal in origin and lies in the anterior mediastinum behind the sternum. Thymic involution with aging results in less efficient T-cell development and decreased emigration of naïve T cells to the periphery. Deterioration of the immune system with aging contributes to increased incidence of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer, thus increasing the rates of morbidity and mortality in elderly humans.

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“…Thymic atrophy was a distinguishing feature of the immune system senescence (Cepeda & Griffith, 2018). Involution of the thymus has been regarded as "programmed aging" (Odinokov & Hamblin, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosage effects of resveratrol on thymus involution in D‐galactose‐treated mice

et al. 2021

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The thymus regulates a specific microenvironment for the growth and maturation of naive T cells. Involution of immune function was an important factor during body aging. Preventing the senescence of immune organs has become a major medical issue. Resveratrol (RSV) has been proved to delay the aging of many organs including the thymus. However, the underlying mechanism remains indefinite and the dosages of RSV on thymus involution need to be further clarified. In the current study, the senescence-accelerated mice were produced using d-galactose for two months. RSV at different dosages (25, 50, 100 mg kg −1 day −1 ) was then administered. The alteration of the thymic morphological structure was observed. It showed that three dosages of RSV significantly decreased cellular senescence of the thymus and no dosage difference was detected. For cellular proliferation and apoptosis of the thymus, 50 and 25 mg/kg per day of RSV displayed the best effects on cellular proliferation and apoptosis in the thymus, respectively. Furthermore, 50 mg/kg per day of RSV increased the expression of FoxN1 both at transcription and translation levels. These findings indicated that RSV could delay thymus atrophy in a dosage-dependent pattern and FoxN1 might involve in the beneficial mechanism of RSV, which was of great significance for the enhancement of thymic health and organic immunity. Practical applicationsResveratrol has been proved to delay aging of many organs including of thymus. In the present study, we explored the dosage of resveratrol on thymus involution and the expression of transcription factors forkhead box protein N1 (FoxN1) in the senescenceaccelerated mice induced by D-galactose. The results indicated that resveratrol could delay thymus atrophy in a dosage-dependent pattern within a certain dose range, and higher RSV concentration may have drug toxicity, which suggests that the dosage of RSV requires attention, And FoxN1 might involve in the beneficial mechanism of resveratrol supplement, which was of great significance to explore the mechanism for the enhancement of thymus immunity. K E Y W O R D S d-galactose, FoxN1, resveratrol, thymus involution How to cite this article: Wei T-T, Feng Y-K, Cao J-H, et al. Dosage effects of resveratrol on thymus involution in D-galactose-treated mice.

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Aging of lymphoid organs: Can photobiomodulation reverse age‐associated thymic involution via stimulation of extrapineal melatonin synthesis and bone marrow stem cells?

Cited by 17 publications

References 113 publications

Temporal expression patterns of the melatoninergic system in the human thymus of children

Temporal expression patterns of the melatoninergic system in the human thymus of children

Aging of thymus gland and immune system

Dosage effects of resveratrol on thymus involution in D‐galactose‐treated mice

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