Lightweight porous composite materials (PCMs) with outstanding
electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances are ideal
for aerospace, artificial intelligence, military, and other fields.
Herein, a three-dimensional Ti3C2T
x
MXene/sodium alginate (SA)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
(MSC) PCMs was prepared by a controlled directional freezing process.
This method constructs a directionally ordered porous structure, which
can make the incident electromagnetic waves reflect and scattered
several times in the PCMs. The introduction of CNTs into the MSC PCMs
can form three-dimensional conductive networks with MXene, thus improving
the conductivity and further improving the electromagnetic shielding
performance. Furthermore, the SA with abundant hydrogen bonding can
strengthen the interlayer interaction between MXene and CNTs. Profiting
from the controlled directional freezing and highly aligned porous
structure, the MSC PCMs with 75 wt % CNTs exhibit ultrahigh conductivity
of 1630 S m–1, an ultrahigh EMI shielding effectiveness
of 48.0 dB in X-band for electromagnetic waves incident perpendicular
to the hole growth direction, and compressive strength of 72.3 kPa.
The as-prepared MSC PCMs show excellent EMI shielding and mechanical
properties and have significant applications in the preparation of
an entirely novel type of EMI shielding materials with an absorption-based
mechanism.