Aging of 0–3 piezoelectric PZT ceramic–Portland cement composites

High piezoelectric and dielectric properties of 0–3 PZT/cement composites by temperature treatment

“…These results indicate that pretreatment temperature and aging time do not exert a significant influence on the d 33 values of PZT ceramics. This relationship to aging time is different from the report by Chaipanich et al [39] that the d 33 values of PZT first decreased at an early age, with the reduction in d 33 values becoming less significant at longer aging times. The constituents of PZT ceramic and poling conditions (poling field, poling time and poling temperature) are believed to be the keys resulting in the difference, compared with the result of Chaipanich et al (with a poling field of 2 kV/mm for 45 min at a poling temperature of 130 C) [39].…”

“…For the PP 23 material, the d 33 and ε r values shown in Fig. 12 were 57 pC/N and 269, respectively, close to previous reports studying 50% PZT [29,36,37,39]. When the composites were pretreated at 150 C, the d 33 and ε r values increased to 106.3 pC/N and 477, respectively, almost 186% and 177% enhancements.…”

“…Pan et al [36e38] investigated PZT/cement composites with slag [36] and fly ash [37] under controlled conditions of 24 C and 50% relative humidity, finding that the d 33 and ε r values reached a plateau after 60 aging days, while the values of K t did not change significantly with aging time [38]. Chaipanich et al [39] indicated that the saturation value of d 33 for piezoelectric PZT ceramic-Portland cement composites was reached after 30 days. Hydration and moisture are presumed to cause enhancements in piezoelectric constants over aging time, but this presumption has not yet been fully confirmed.…”

Intrinsic Sensing Properties of Chrysotile Fiber Reinforced Piezoelectric Cement-Based Composites

“…Li et al first introduced a cement admixture into pure PZT to fabricate a piezoelectric cement-based composite (PCM) to compensate for these disadvantages in 2002 [ 30 ]. Dong et al [ 31 , 32 ], Lan et al [ 33 ], Huang et al [ 34 ], Chaipanich et al [ 35 , 36 , 37 ], Gong et al [ 38 , 39 ], Pan et al [ 40 , 41 ], Luo et al [ 42 ], and Zhang et al [ 43 ] reported that, compared with 1–3, 2–2 type PCM sensor [ 31 , 33 ], the 0–3 type PCM sensor had more stable piezoelectric self-sensing behaviors with age and temperature treatment, superior compatibility and impedance-matching with concrete, where PZT granules were directly but randomly distributed in three dimension cement matrix without extra cutting and embedding processes [ 31 , 41 ]. Moreover, PZT powder in nanoscale can be facile pressed and sintered into PCM-based sensor or actuator for SHM with accurate stoichiometric composition, uniform morphology, and proper microstructure to ensure good interface compatibility and enhanced piezoelectric sensitivity [ 38 ].…”

Numerical Analysis and Optimization on Piezoelectric Properties of 0–3 Type Piezoelectric Cement-Based Materials with Interdigitated Electrodes

“…The electrical properties of these sensors are frequently employed as sensing signals reflecting the stress or strain under external static and or dynamic loadings of the cement concrete matrix which is incorporated with some microscale or nano scale additives, such as carbon fibers (CFs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], or lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powder [11][12][13][14][15][16]. As Li et al [11,15], Huang et al [12], Chaipanich et al [13], Luo et al [14], Gong et al [16], Lan et al [17], Song et al [18][19][20], and Jaitanong et al [21] reported, the 0-3 type piezoelectric cement-based composite (PCM) wafer has excellent piezoelectric self-sensing and self-driving responses, and a good compatibility with long-life concrete. Therefore, it is easy to realize the fine regulation of performance indicators through changing the fillers' contents [14].…”