Aging mechanism of phenolic resin–nitrile butadiene composites

Cooper, Anthony R.

doi:10.1002/pen.760311007

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Particle size and its distribution greatly affect the physical properties of powders, such as packing density, grain porosity and firing range [18]. SEM image (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ni–Mn–Fe–Cr–O negative temperature coefficient thermistor compositions: Correlation between processing conditions and electrical characteristics

2008

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A study has been carried out to correlate the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructural, electrical and reliability aspects of Ni 0.75 Mn (2.25−x−y) Cr x Fe y O 4 (x=0 to 0.3 and y=0 to 0.3) negative temperature coefficient thermistor compositions prepared by solid-state route. The calcined and sintered compositions were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The existence of cubic spinel single-phase region was determined by sintering Ni 0.75 Mn (2.25−x−y) Cr x Fe y O 4 samples in air at temperatures 1150 to 1250°C. X-ray diffraction patterns of samples sintered above 1200°C shows additional Bragg reflections of a rock salt structured NiO phase besides normal cubic spinel. A maximum B-value of 4044 K was obtained for Ni 0.75 Mn 1.95 Cr 0.25 Fe 0.05 O 4 composition at a sintering temperature 1250°C/3 h. The reliability of the thermistor compositions were evaluated by performing accelerated ageing based on thermal cycling test. We found that chromium enhances the reliability of Ni 0.75 Mn (2.25−x−y) Cr x Fe y O 4 (x=0 to 0.3 and y=0 to 0.3) based NTC thermistor compositions. A maximum reliability of +0.25% resistance drift was observed at sintering temperature 1200°C for 0.25 mol% chromium content. Excellent reliability of Ni 0.75 Mn (2.25−x−y) Cr x Fe y O 4 NTC thermistor compositions makes it ideal candidates for high-performance thermal sensor applications.

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“…Particle size and its distribution greatly affect the physical properties of powders, such as packing density, grain porosity and firing range [18]. SEM image (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ni–Mn–Fe–Cr–O negative temperature coefficient thermistor compositions: Correlation between processing conditions and electrical characteristics

2008

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“…The samples in this work were made of silica particles (HI-sil 255N, Jiangxi Nanji Chemical Technology Plant, China)-filled Hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) matrix with 36% acrylonitrile content (Zetpol 2010L, Zeon, Japan). The silane coupling agents used to modify the silica surface are c-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (KH550), c-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH560), and c-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH570), which have the molecular 3 , respectively, purchased from Nanjing Shuguang Chemical Group. To improve the heat resistance performance of the vulcanizates, brominated phenolic resin (Resin-201) produced by Shanxi provincial institute of chemical industry was used as curing agent to replace traditional sulfur and peroxide.…”

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prepared by controlled, selective catalytic hydrogenation of the butadiene units in NBR,1–3 Hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) is such a special elastomer because of possessing highly saturated structure and many polar groups. It also can be defined as an elastomer combining the oil and fuel resistance of NBR with the heat and oxidation resistance of EPDM 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some interesting phenomena in silica‐filled HNBR with the addition of silane coupling agent

Tian

Zhang

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR)/silica nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ modification dispersion technology, and the silane coupling agent c-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH570) was chosen to promote the interfacial strength between silica particles and HNBR matrix and further improve the dispersion of silica particles. Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA2000) was used to test the Payne effect of HNBR/silica compounds, from which some interesting phenomena were found: the Payne effect became stronger after KH570 was added to HNBR/ silica compound at room temperature, which was a contrary result compared to SBR/silica system. However, after stored for a month at room temperature, the Payne effect weakened, which was contrary to the traditional phenomenon of storage hardening of filled rubber. All these results are related to filler-filler interaction and filler-rubber interaction. The modulus at small strain amplitude of HNBR/ silica compound with KH570 gradually decreased with the increase of times of circulatory strain sweep but that of compound without KH570 had almost no change, which was explained by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) results that the reaction between silica and KH570 almost completed at the test condition: 80 C and about 1 h. The effects of silane amount, heat-treated temperature and time on the Payne effect of compounds and the mechanical properties of vulcanizates were also investigated. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 124: [927][928][929][930][931][932][933][934] 2012

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“…Cardol exhibits greater antioxidant activity in rubber compositions than cardanol [30]. The effect of incorporation of phenolic resin on the ageing mechanism of NBR has been studied by Cooper [31]. The results show that the resin gets used only gradually subsequent to rubber curing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Phenol-CNSL-Formaldehyde Copolymer on Thermal Ageing of SBR

Thachil

Abraham

2006

International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biom

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Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a cheap and renewable agro by-product that consists mainly of substituted phenols. A CNSL-based resin was used in this study to modify the properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). The resin was a copolymer obtained by condensing a mixture of phenol and CNSL with hexamethylenetetramine. The effect of the resin on the ageing properties of SBR vulcanizates was studied by following the changes in tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus and tear strength. CNSL directly and CNSL-based resins with different P:F ratios were incorporated into SBR and the physical properties determined. Comparison of the properties of the aged material containing CNSL resin with those of specimens not containing the resin shows improved ageing characteristics with respect to tensile strength, modulus and tear strength.

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Aging mechanism of phenolic resin–nitrile butadiene composites

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Ni–Mn–Fe–Cr–O negative temperature coefficient thermistor compositions: Correlation between processing conditions and electrical characteristics

Ni–Mn–Fe–Cr–O negative temperature coefficient thermistor compositions: Correlation between processing conditions and electrical characteristics

Some interesting phenomena in silica‐filled HNBR with the addition of silane coupling agent

Effect of Phenol-CNSL-Formaldehyde Copolymer on Thermal Ageing of SBR

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