Aging in the Canine Kidney

Cianciolo, Rachel E.; Benali, Silvia; Aresu, Luca

doi:10.1177/0300985815612153

Cited by 23 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Our initial explanation for the reduction of GFR in aged horses was secondary to the physiological aging process of kidneys. This finding seems to be in agreement with current data in both human and veterinary medicine, in which the aging kidney is characterized by structural and physiological changes that are responsible for a reduction in GFR . In humans, the kidney aging process starts around 50 years of age, and it is characterized by both macroscopic and microscopic structural changes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Although the age‐associated loss in renal function may vary considerably, an average decline in GFR of 8 mL/min/1.73 m 2 every 10 years has been documented in humans after the age of 40 . Similarly, aged dogs show an increased frequency of glomerular sclerosis and loss of residual renal function . In neonatal Pony foals, GFR did not seem to change significantly over the first 10 days from birth, and was similar to the GFR of adult horses .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Age‐associated reduction in functional renal mass has been documented in both human and veterinary medicine . In humans, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is significantly reduced at birth, and progressively increases over the following 2 years, reaching an average value of 140 mL/min/1.73 m 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by plasma clearance of iohexol in healthy horses of various ages

Lippi

Bonelli

Meucci

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundPlasma clearance of iohexol is a reliable method to assess the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The relationship between aging and GFR in horses is unclear.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare GFR estimated by iohexol clearance in horses of different ages.AnimalsTwenty‐one clinically healthy horses were enrolled.MethodsProspective study. Groups: (A) composed by 8 young horses (≤14 years old) with serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dL, (B) by 7 aged horses (≥20 years old) with serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dL, and (C) by 6 aged horses (≥20 years old) with serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL. Iohexol was injected (75.5 mg/kg) through an IV catheter, and plasma samples were collected 5, 30, and 90 minutes later. Plasma clearance of iohexol was obtained by the high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet method.ResultsThe GFR was 2., 2.1, and 1.45 mL/min/kg (median value) in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Statistical analysis showed differences between Group A versus C for urea, Group A versus B and A versus C for creatinine, and A versus C for GFR.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceGlomerular filtration rate was significantly reduced in aged horses with serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL compared to young horses with creatinine <1.5 mg/dL; no differences were obtained between young and aged horses with creatinine <1.5 mg/dL. Glomerular filtration rate evaluation should be considered in aged horses even if the plasma creatinine values are normal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by plasma clearance of iohexol in healthy horses of various ages

Lippi

Bonelli

Meucci

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…For example, unlike mice, companion dogs experience a diversity of spontaneously occurring diseases similar to those of humans, such as age‐related neurologic disease (Head, 2011), renal disease (Cianciolo, Benali & Aresu, 2016), endocrine disease (e.g., De Bruin et al., 2009; Fall, Hamlin, Hedhammar, Kampe & Egenvall, 2007), and also experience obesity and its attendant risks (German, Ryan, German, Wood & Trayhurn, 2010). These phenomena allow researchers not only to study the pathologies that influence mortality, but also to understand different comorbidities and multiple chronic conditions that canines exhibit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The companion dog as a model for human aging and mortality

et al. 2018

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SummaryAround the world, human populations have experienced large increases in average lifespan over the last 150 years, and while individuals are living longer, they are spending more years of life with multiple chronic morbidities. Researchers have used numerous laboratory animal models to understand the biological and environmental factors that influence aging, morbidity, and longevity. However, the most commonly studied animal species, laboratory mice and rats, do not experience environmental conditions similar to those to which humans are exposed, nor do we often diagnose them with many of the naturally occurring pathologies seen in humans. Recently, the companion dog has been proposed as a powerful model to better understand the genetic and environmental determinants of morbidity and mortality in humans. However, it is not known to what extent the age‐related dynamics of morbidity, comorbidity, and mortality are shared between humans and dogs. Here, we present the first large‐scale comparison of human and canine patterns of age‐specific morbidity and mortality. We find that many chronic conditions that commonly occur in human populations (obesity, arthritis, hypothyroidism, and diabetes), and which are associated with comorbidities, are also associated with similarly high levels of comorbidity in companion dogs. We also find significant similarities in the effect of age on disease risk in humans and dogs, with neoplastic, congenital, and metabolic causes of death showing similar age trajectories between the two species. Overall, our study suggests that the companion dog may be an ideal translational model to study the many complex facets of human morbidity and mortality.

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“…For example, stress has been proposed to cause renal disease in captive, compared to free-ranging, wild cats 40 . Renal disease is an age-related disease in all felids and other species studied to date [40][41][42][43] . It would be reasonable to conclude that the average age of the Scottish Wildcats in our sample, despite being adult, was less than the average age of our domestic cats, limiting the opportunity for renal lesions to develop.…”

Section: Renal Histopathology and Prevalence Of Chronic Interstitial mentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal accumulation of prooxidant mineral elements and CKD in domestic cats

Alborough

Grau‐Roma

Brot

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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felids have a high incidence of chronic kidney disease (cKD), for which the most common renal lesion is chronic interstitial nephritis (cin). cin can be induced by tissue oxidative stress, which is determined by the cellular balance of pro-and anti-oxidant metabolites. Fish-flavoured foods are more often fed to cats than dogs, and such foods tend to have higher arsenic content. Arsenic is a pro-oxidant metallic element. We propose that renal accumulation of pro-oxidant elements such as arsenic and depletion of anti-oxidant elements such as zinc, underpin the high incidence of cin in domestic cats. total arsenic and other redox-reactive metal elements were measured in kidneys (after acid-digestion) and urine (both by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) of domestic cats (kidneys, n = 56; urine, n = 21), domestic dogs (kidneys, n = 54; urine, n = 28) and non-domesticated Scottish Wildcats (kidneys, n = 17). Renal lesions were graded by severity of CIN. In our randomly sampled population, CIN was more prevalent in domestic cat versus domestic dog (51%, n = 32 of 62 cats; 15%, 11 of 70 dogs were positive for cin, respectively). cin was absent from all Scottish wildcats. tissue and urinary (corrected for creatinine) arsenic content was higher in domestic cats, relative to domestic dogs and wildcats. Urine arsenic was higher in domestic cats and dogs with cin. Arsenobetaine, an organic and relatively harmless species of arsenic, was the primary form of arsenic found in pet foods. in summary, the kidneys of domestic cats appear to have greater levels of pro-oxidant trace elements, as compared to dogs and wildcats. Since there was no difference in renal arsenic levels in cats with or without CIN, renal arsenic accumulation does not appear a primary driver of excess CIN in cats. Given clear differences in renal handling of pro vs. anti-oxidant minerals between cats and dogs, further in vivo balance studies are warranted. These may then inform species-specific guidelines for trace element incorporation into commercial diets.Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly diagnosed in domestic cats, with a reported prevalence of 1-3% in the overall domestic cat population 1 . One study reported prevalence as high as 50% and 80% in cats of all ages and aged over 15 years, respectively 2 . This contrasts to a reported prevalence of <1% in all dogs 3 and only 10% in dogs over 15 years of age 1 . CKD is defined as the irreversible loss of structure and/or function of one or both kidneys that results from a progressive process occurring over a period of 3 months or more 1 . CKD has various aetiologies, but mononuclear cell tubulointerstitial nephritis -inflammation of the interstitial cells surrounding tubules, predominantly proximal -together with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy is the common histopathological finding in most cases of CKD in cats 4,5 and dogs 6 .Renal tubular epithelial cells are highly metabolically active with high mitochondrial density in order to support oxidative phosphorylation and energy-depe...

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Aging in the Canine Kidney

Cited by 23 publications

References 79 publications

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by plasma clearance of iohexol in healthy horses of various ages

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by plasma clearance of iohexol in healthy horses of various ages

The companion dog as a model for human aging and mortality

Renal accumulation of prooxidant mineral elements and CKD in domestic cats

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