Aging in Germ-free Mice: Life Tables and Lesions Observed at Natural Death

Gordon, Helmut A.; Bruckner-Kardoss, Edith; Wostmann, Bernard S.

doi:10.1093/geronj/21.3.380

Cited by 90 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…In our study, mean and maximum life spans were shortest for SPF-F mice, longer for GF-F mice, even longer for GF-R mice, and longest for SPF-R mice, indicating longer survival of the GF-F mice in comparison to their SPF counterparts, with both greater mean life span and maximum life span. These results are in agreement with the studies of Gordon et al [6] and Pollard K. UMEHARA, H. MATSUZAWA ET AL and Wostmann [12] noting longer survival for GF than CV mice and rats. From these experiments, it was believed that life extension in these GF animals may be characterized by a infectious disease-free status.…”

Section: Disussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Effects of Germfree Status and Food Restriction on Longevity and Growth of Mice

Tazume

Umehara

Matsuzawa

et al. 1991

Experimental Animals

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An investigation was undertaken to study the effects of germfree (GF) status and mild food restriction on life span in GF and specific pathogen-free (SPF) male ICR mice either full-fed (ad libitum) or on a restricted diet of 4.5 grams per day (equivalent to approximately 80% of full-fed intake) from five-week-old. The mean life span of the full-fed SPF and GF mice was 75.9 and 88.9 weeks respectively, whie the mean life span of the food-restricted SPF and GF mice was 117.5 and 109.6 weeks, respectively. Mice in both GF and SPF food-restricted groups were characterized by lower body weight and increased survival. These findings suggest that the cessation of growth may be importantly and perhaps causally related to longevity. The GF mice survived longer than the SPF mice, but the combination of GF status with food restriction did not seem to extend life span more than food restriction alone.

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Section: Disussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Gordon et al [6] reported that GF mice lived longer than conventional (CV) mice. Pollard and Wostmann [12] showed that full-fed GF Lobund-wistar (L-W) rats lived longer than full-fed CV L-W rats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Germfree Status and Food Restriction on Longevity and Growth of Mice

Tazume

Umehara

Matsuzawa

et al. 1991

Experimental Animals

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“…In this experiment, GF-F mice survived longer than SPF-F mice. This results was in agreement with that of other investigators [3,15] . The longer life span of the GF-F mice may be explained in part by the absence of infectious disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…GF animals are believed to be suitable models for aging research because mortality is not affected by microbial infection. Gorden et al [3] reported that GF mice outlived conventional (CV) mice. Pollard and Wostmann [15] showed that full-fed GF Lobund-Wistar (L-W) rats outlived their full-fed CV counterparts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Function of Food-restricted Germfree and Specific Pathogen-free Mice

Tazume

Umehara

Matsuzawa

et al. 1991

Experimental Animals

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The effects of food restriction on immune function was investigated in germfree (GF) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. They were maintained from five weeks of age under either full-fed or food-restricted conditions to 4.5 grams per day (equivalent to approximately 80% of full-fed intake) of a commercial diet. Longest survival rate was attained in food-restricted SPF mice followed by food-restricted GF, full-fed GF, and full-fed SPF animals. Food-restricted GF mice showed shorter survival rate than their SPF counterparts. This result suggests that food restriction may be just as effective as GF status for extending life span. Immune function declined significantly with age in full-fed groups of GF and SPF mice. In both foodrestricted GF and SPF mice, mitogenic response to concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide and antibody response to sheep red blood cells were lower early in life and became higher later in life as compared with full-fed mice. Hence, the maintenance of effective immunological function until old age may be the reason for food-restricted groups to live slightly longer than full-fed groups.

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“…Intestinal volvulus has been noted at the ileumcaecum-colon junction with resultant obstruction and death (Anderson et al, 1972;Gordon et al, 1966;Walburg & Cosgrove, 1967). The association of the condition in germfree mice and rats is undoubtedly influenced by the enlargement of the caecum, which is 10-20 times larger in germfree mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volvulus at the i1eocaecal junction in germfree mice

1978

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16 cases of intestinal volvulus were observed in a total of 200 inbred C57BL/6N, GR/N, and DBA/2N germfree mice during the course of 2 years. The volvulus was a twisting of the caecum at the junction of the ileum, caecum and colon, resulting in occlusion and death. In each case the caecum was greatly enlarged. During the same period no intestinal volvulus was seen in 5 other germfree strains or in F1 to F4 generations of identical strains of microflora-associated and conventionalized mice.

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Aging in Germ-free Mice: Life Tables and Lesions Observed at Natural Death

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Germfree Status and Food Restriction on Longevity and Growth of Mice

Effects of Germfree Status and Food Restriction on Longevity and Growth of Mice

Immunological Function of Food-restricted Germfree and Specific Pathogen-free Mice

Volvulus at the i1eocaecal junction in germfree mice

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