Aging in EPDM used for outdoor insulation

Xu, Yiting; He, Yanan; Fan-dian, Zeng; Zhang, R.

doi:10.1109/94.752010

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The results obtained are shown in Table I. It can be seen that the oxygen ratio increases while the carbon ratio decreases with the increasing time of exposure to the corona discharge [26][27][28][29], which implies that C-H bond is broken and oxygen replaces the sites where chain scissions occur [30,31]. The presence of oxygen detected by EDX in the fresh sample can be attributed to the oxygen available from the moisture in the atmosphere or due to the oxidation of the SAN during manufacturing [28].…”

Section: Sem and Edx Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The FTIR spectra of aged and un-aged SAN specimens are shown in Figure 5. Characteristic infrared absorption bands (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) of the SAN are shown in Table II where the wave number and the bands are presented. A decrease in the absorption intensity of bands C-H, C-C and C --C is observed, indicating a reduction of the functional groups and furthermore the degradation of the dielectric.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they are less resistant than ceramic materials against physical and chemical reactions [1,2]. Electrical stresses encountered in service can lead to deterioration of the surface properties of the polymers [3,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface degradation of styrene acrylonitrile exposed to corona discharge

Handala

Lamrous

2007

Int Trans Elec Energy Syst

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SUMMARYAn experimental investigation of the degradation of styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) exposed to corona discharge under ambient conditions was presented. SAN specimens were subjected to a corona stress generated by two plane parallel electrodes. The surface physicochemical changes were studied using scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and surface resistance measurements.The results showed significant damage on the specimen' surface caused by the corona discharge. Surface erosion was seen in the micrographs and colour change was observed on the aged surface.The surface resistance dropped rapidly during the first hours of exposure to the corona discharge, then approached a saturation value asymptotically. It was established that hydrophilic hydroxyl (O-H) and carbonyl (C --O) groups have formed on the surface of the aged sample. Moisture adsorbed by the hydrophilic OH groups plays an important role in the decrease of the surface resistance, as, under dry conditions after removal from the corona discharge, the surface resistance increased and tended to recover its original value.

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Section: Sem and Edx Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface degradation of styrene acrylonitrile exposed to corona discharge

Handala

Lamrous

2007

Int Trans Elec Energy Syst

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“…Principal parameters that cause aging are heat, oxygen, ozone (and radicals), and UV light 9–18. Changes of physical properties, crosslink densities, and appearance of rubber articles by thermal aging have been examined 9–18. Change of the appearance by aging impairs feeling of the articles so the commercial evaluation falls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of whitening phenomenon of EPDM article by humid aging

Choi

Chung

Joo

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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An ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) article used for a car component was aged in 80 C humid air (60% relative humidity) for 30 days and in 80 C tap water for 7 days. The aged sample surfaces were changed to white. The aged sample surfaces were analyzed using GC/MS, image analyzer, SEM, EDX, and ATR-FTIR. Calcium stearate was found on the aged sample surface. To confirm the whitening phenomenon, three sulfur-cured EPDM composites with different reinforcing systems (talc/carbon black, calcium carbonate/carbon black, and clay/carbon black) and one resole-cured EPDM composite were prepared and aged in 90 C tap water for 7 days. The sulfur-cured EPDM composites contained stearic acid, whereas the resole-cured EPDM composite did not contain stearic acid. Whitening occurred in the sulfur-cured EPDM samples irrespective of the filler systems but the aged resole-cured EPDM composite surface was not changed. The whitening was due to the formation of calcium stearate as a result of reaction between calcium cation and stearic acid. The calcium cation came from humid air and tap water, while the stearic acid came from the sulfur-cured EPDM samples.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Typical composites are insulating materials for EPDM insulators, cable terminations, and bushings. The fillers are filled with EPDM to impart improved mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and tracking resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamic mechanical properties of EPDM/Al(OH)₃ composites

Gao

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The effects of volume fraction, particle size, and surface state of Al(OH) 3 fillers on the dynamic mechanical properties of EPDM/Al(OH) 3 composites were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The interfacial structure parameters of EPDM/Al(OH) 3 composites were also investigated. The results show that dynamic mechanical property and the glass-transition process of composites are distinctly influenced by the volume fraction, particle size, and surface state of Al(OH) 3 fillers. With the increase of volume fraction and decrease of particle size of Al(OH) 3 fillers, the temperature corresponding to the maximum damping factor of composites shifts to a higher temperature with lower peak value and broader half-peak width. The treatment of fillers with coupling agent can greatly enhance two-phase interaction and thus improve the dynamic mechanical properties of composites. Consequently, a lower damping factor, broader half-peak width, and larger apparent activation energy of glass transition can be achieved. In addition, a novel method of calculating the apparent activation energy of composites is put forward based on the DMA method, which has been verified by calculating the apparent activation energy of glass transition of Al(OH) 3 -filled EPDM composites.

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Aging in EPDM used for outdoor insulation

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Surface degradation of styrene acrylonitrile exposed to corona discharge

Surface degradation of styrene acrylonitrile exposed to corona discharge

Analysis of whitening phenomenon of EPDM article by humid aging

The dynamic mechanical properties of EPDM/Al(OH)₃ composites

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Aging in EPDM used for outdoor insulation

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Surface degradation of styrene acrylonitrile exposed to corona discharge

Surface degradation of styrene acrylonitrile exposed to corona discharge

Analysis of whitening phenomenon of EPDM article by humid aging

The dynamic mechanical properties of EPDM/Al(OH)3 composites

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Product

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The dynamic mechanical properties of EPDM/Al(OH)₃ composites