Aging Hallmarks: The Benefits of Physical Exercise

Rebelo-Marques, Alexandre; Lages, Adriana; Andrade, Renato; Ribeiro, Carlos; Mota-Pinto, Anabela; Carrilho, Francisco; Espregueira-Mendes, João

doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00258

Cited by 162 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 254 publications

(270 reference statements)

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“…Remarkably, 73 % of the age-related dmCpGs in untrained older muscle were no longer differentially methylated following 12 weeks of RT compared to young untrained muscle. The ability of resistance exercises to reverse age-related impairments have been extensively described at the muscle phenotypic level [77][78][79] , proteome level 52 , transcriptome level 54,60 and other hallmarks of ageing 80 . For the first time, we confirm this finding at methylome level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent training rejuvenates and enhances transcriptome and methylome responses in young and older human muscle

Blocquiaux

Ramaekers

Thienen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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ABSTRACTBackgroundThe interaction between the muscle methylome and transcriptome is understudied during ageing and periods of resistance training in young, but especially older adults. In addition, more information is needed on the role of retained methylome training adaptations in muscle memory to understand muscle phenotypical and molecular restoration after inactivity or disuse.MethodsWe measured CpG methylation (microarray) and RNA expression (RNA sequencing) in young (n = 5; age = 22 ± 2 yrs) and older (n = 6; age = 65 ± 5 yrs) vastus lateralis muscle samples, taken at baseline, after 12 weeks of resistance training, after training interruption (2 weeks of leg immobilization in young men, 12 weeks of detraining in older men) and after 12 weeks of retraining to identify muscle memory-related adaptations and rejuvenating effects of training.ResultsWe report that of the 427 differentially expressed genes with advanced age, 71 % contained differentially methylated (dm)CpGs in older versus young muscle. The more dmCpGs within a gene, the clearer the inverse methylation-expression relationship. Around 73 % of the age-related dmCpGs approached younger methylation levels when older muscle was trained for 12 weeks. A second resistance training period after training cessation increased the number of hypomethylated CpGs and upregulated genes in both young and older muscle. We found indication for an epi-memory within pro-proliferating AMOTL1 in young muscle and mechanosensing-related VCL in older muscle. For the first time, we integrate muscle methylome and transcriptome data in relation to both ageing and training/inactivity-induced responses and identify focal adhesion as an important pathway herein.ConclusionPreviously trained muscle is more responsive to training than untrained muscle at methylome and transcriptome level and recurrent resistance training can partially restore ageing-induced methylome alterations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent training rejuvenates and enhances transcriptome and methylome responses in young and older human muscle

Blocquiaux

Ramaekers

Thienen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…A combination of strategies targeting poor muscle function, reduced physical fitness, secondary anorexia, inflammation, psychological health, and poor nutrition has been suggested in the context of multimodal prehabilitation prior to cancer and major intra‐abdominal surgery . A large body of evidence exists utilizing exercise to reverse loss of muscle mass and strength with ageing . In addition, physical exercise improves muscular strength and ameliorates systemic inflammation in cancer patients .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[56][57][58][59][60][61] A large body of evidence exists utilizing exercise to reverse loss of muscle mass and strength with ageing. 62 In addition, physical exercise improves muscular strength and ameliorates systemic inflammation in cancer patients. 63 Evidence relating to improving fitness with exercise in the perioperative period is also gaining momentum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myosteatosis is associated with poor physical fitness in patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary surgery

West

Dijk

Gleadowe

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Body composition assessment, measured using single‐slice computed tomography (CT) image at L3 level, and aerobic physical fitness, objectively measured using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), are each independently used for perioperative risk assessment. Sarcopenia (i.e. low skeletal muscle mass), myosteatosis [i.e. low skeletal muscle radiation attenuation (SM‐RA)], and impaired objectively measured aerobic fitness (reduced oxygen uptake) have been associated with poor post‐operative outcomes and survival in various cancer types. However, the association between CT body composition and physical fitness has not been explored. In this study, we assessed the association of CT body composition with selected CPET variables in patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. Methods A pragmatic prospective cohort of 123 patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery were recruited. All patients underwent preoperative CPET. Preoperative CT scans were analysed using a single‐slice CT image at L3 level to assess skeletal muscle mass, adipose tissue mass, and muscle radiation attenuation. Multivariate linear regression was used to test the association between CPET variables and body composition. Main outcomes were oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold ( O 2 at AT), oxygen uptake at peak exercise ( O 2 peak), skeletal muscle mass, and SM‐RA. Results Of 123 patients recruited [77 men (63%), median age 66.9 ± 11.7, median body mass index 27.3 ± 5.2], 113 patients had good‐quality abdominal CT scans available and were included. Of the CT body composition variables, SM‐RA had the strongest correlation with O 2 peak ( r = 0.57, P < 0.001) and O 2 at AT ( r = 0.45, P < 0.001) while skeletal muscle mass was only weakly associated with O 2 peak ( r = 0.24, P < 0.010). In the multivariate analysis, only SM‐RA was associated with O 2 peak ( B = 0.25, 95% CI 0.15–0.34, P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.42) and O 2 at AT ( B = 0.13, 95% CI 0.06–0.18, P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.26). Conclusions There is a positive association between preoperative CT SM‐RA and preoperative physical fitness ( O 2 at AT and at peak). This study demonstrates that myosteatosis, and not sarcopenia, is associated with reduced aerobic physical fitness. Com...

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“…It will also facilitate the design of preventive strategies and even combat the onset of physical frailty that takes place at advanced ages and contribute to the promotion of early interventions. 4 The literature has identified factors associated with functional decline. However, few studies 5,6 have dealt with the link between functional decline and a range of multidimensional factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Functional Capacity and Factors Determining Functional Decline in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019

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Introduction: The aim of this study is to assess functional capacity and determine the factors associated with functional decline in the elderly in adult day care centres and home care support in the County of Coimbra, Portugal.Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study. A total of 115 participants of both genders, aged between 65 and 98, were enrolled in the home care support and adult day care system of the County of Coimbra, Portugal. Functional capacity was assessed using the Barthel index and the Lawton index. Another questionnaire gathered social, demographic and health status information.Results: The basic activities of daily living were significantly associated with age, cohabitation, medication usage, falls and multiple morbidity. Analysis of the study’s variables and the instrumental activities of daily living found significant associations between age, institutional affiliation, perceived health status, hospitalizations, medication usage, physical exercise, multiple morbidities, falls, and fall prevention.Discussion: The results demonstrate that no statistically observable differences were found between gender and functional dependence. A significant association between the Barthel index and cohabitation was also found. We should also highlight that this sample revealed the extremely important role of families in determining the protection of highly dependent older people. Likewise, a significant association was observed between instrumental activities of daily living and levels of physical activity in which greater independence was found in those seniors who practiced physical exercise three or more times per week.Conclusion: The results of this study allow us to identify factors that may be associated with the functional decline in the elderly. Useful evidence for the adoption of intervention strategies in the elderly population was added, focused on the prevention of functional decline and maintenance of the functional capacities of the elderly.

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Aging Hallmarks: The Benefits of Physical Exercise

Cited by 162 publications

References 254 publications

Recurrent training rejuvenates and enhances transcriptome and methylome responses in young and older human muscle

Recurrent training rejuvenates and enhances transcriptome and methylome responses in young and older human muscle

Myosteatosis is associated with poor physical fitness in patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary surgery

Assessing Functional Capacity and Factors Determining Functional Decline in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study

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