Aging Effects on the Visual Span for Alphabetic Stimuli

Warrington, Kayleigh L.; Xie, Fang; Wang, Jingxin; Paterson, Kevin B.

doi:10.1080/0361073x.2019.1664465

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…to be approximately 1.2 characters smaller than that of young adults, suggesting that sensory limitations contribute to age differences in the uptake of parafoveal information during reading (Warrington et al, 2019). This is consistent with evidence that older adults are relatively less impaired than young adults in reading 'filtered' text for which only low spatialfrequency information is available, and relatively more impaired when only high spatialfrequency information is available (Jordan et al, 2014;Paterson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Parafoveal Processing In Readingsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Impairments in older adults’ use of parafoveal and peripheral visual information in nonreading tasks (e.g., Ball et al, 1988; Sekuler et al, 2000) appear to reflect deficits in extrafoveal visual acuity. For example, the average visual span of older adults has been found to be approximately 1.2 characters smaller than that of young adults, suggesting that sensory limitations contribute to age differences in the uptake of parafoveal information during reading (Warrington et al, 2019). This is consistent with evidence that older adults are relatively less impaired than young adults in reading “filtered” text for which only low-spatial-frequency information is available, and relatively more impaired when only high-spatial-frequency information is available (Jordan et al, 2014; Paterson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Parafoveal Processing In Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictability effects and parafoveal processing in older readers.

Veldre¹,

Wong²,

Andrews³

2022

Psychology and Aging

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Normative aging is accompanied by visual and cognitive changes that impact the systems that are critical for fluent reading. The patterns of eye movements during reading displayed by older adults have been characterized as demonstrating a trade-off between longer forward saccades and more word skipping versus higher rates of regressions back to previously read text. This pattern is assumed to reflect older readers' reliance on top-down contextual information to compensate for reduced uptake of parafoveal information from yet-to-be fixated words. However, the empirical evidence for these assumptions is equivocal. This study investigated the depth of older readers' parafoveal processing as indexed by sensitivity to the contextual plausibility of parafoveal words in both neutral and highly constraining sentence contexts. The eye movements of 65 cognitively intact older adults (61-87 years) were compared with data previously collected from young adults in two sentence reading experiments in which critical target words were replaced by valid, plausible, related, or implausible previews until the reader fixated on the target word location. Older and younger adults showed equivalent plausibility preview benefits on first-pass reading measures of both predictable and unpredictable words. However, older readers did not show the benefit of preview orthographic relatedness that was observed in young adults, and showed significantly attenuated preview validity effects. Taken together, the data suggest that older readers are specifically impaired in the integration of parafoveal and foveal information but do not show deficits in the depth of parafoveal processing. The implications for understanding the effects of aging on reading are discussed.

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Section: Parafoveal Processing In Readingsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Parafoveal Processing In Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictability effects and parafoveal processing in older readers.

Veldre¹,

Wong²,

Andrews³

2022

Psychology and Aging

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“…Similar to previous studies examining the reading speed of RSVP and scrolling within normally‐sighted participants without CVL simulation, 26 simCVL observers in this study read RSVP significantly faster as defined by duration threshold, and the maximum reading speed was significantly faster for RSVP than scrolling at all font sizes. We speculate that task demands for reading scrolling and RSVP text, such as the visual span, which decreases with age 35 may differentially impact older and younger observers. The smaller the font size, the slower the reading speed, regardless of text presentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of dynamic text presentations in bilateral central vision loss

Bowman

Ross

Bex

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose Dynamic text presentation methods may improve reading ability in patients with central vision loss (CVL) by eliminating the need for accurate eye movements. We compared rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) and horizontal scrolling text presentation (scrolling) on reading rate and reading acuity in CVL observers and normally‐sighted controls with simulated CVL (simCVL). Methods CVL observers’ (n = 11) central scotomas and preferred retinal loci (PRL) for each eye were determined with MAIA microperimetry and fixation analysis. SimCVL controls (n = 16) used 4° inferior eccentric viewing, enforced with an Eyelink eye‐tracker. Observers read aloud 4‐word phrases randomly drawn from the MNREAD sentences. Six font sizes (0.50–1.30 logMAR) were tested with the better near acuity eye and both eyes of CVL observers. Three font sizes (0.50–1.00 logMAR) were tested binocularly in simCVL controls. Text presentation duration of each word for RSVP or drift speed for scrolling was varied to determine reading rate, defined as 50% of words read correctly. In a subset of CVL observers (n = 7), relationships between PRL eccentricity, reading threshold and rate were explored. Results SimCVL controls demonstrated significantly faster reading rates for RSVP than scrolling text (p < 0.0001), and there was a significant main effect of font size (p < 0.0001). CVL patients demonstrated no significant differences in binocular reading rate between font sizes (p = 0.12) and text presentation (p = 0.25). Similar results were seen under monocular conditions. Reading acuity for RSVP and scrolling worsened with increasing PRL eccentricity (μ = 4.5°, p = 0.07). RSVP reading rate decreased significantly with increasing eccentricity (p = 0.02). Conclusions Consistent with previous work, reading acuity worsened with increasing PRL eccentricity. RSVP and scrolling text presentations significantly affected reading rate in simCVL, but not in CVL observers, suggesting that simCVL results may not generalise to pathological CVL.

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“…Young subjects showed faster TTT and higher SVS than older subjects at central vision . The sensory decline in older adults limits the amount of information processed in each glance, requiring longer time to process the information (Warrington et al, 2019). Despite a stronger crowding effect in peripheral vision, the decline of SVS and TTT at peripheral vision was weaker in older adults.…”

Section: Effect Of Age On Chinese Reading Performancementioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of visual span on Chinese reading performance in normal peripheral vision

Lyu¹,

Silva²,

Cheung³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The current study examined the relationship among temporal processing speed, spatial visual span and Chinese character reading speed in normal central and peripheral vision. Maximum reading speed (MRS) and critical print size (CPS) of 26 native Chinese readers (13 young and 13 older adults) were determined at three visual field locations: central vision, 10o left and 10o below fixation using the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task. Temporal processing speed was measured using trigrams of randomly selected Chinese characters presented at a range of exposure durations, while spatial visual span was measured using trigrams presented at different spatial positions. We found that faster MRS was significantly associated with faster temporal processing speed and larger spatial visual span at the central and inferior visual field locations, but not at the left of the fixation location. As expected, reading and visual span metrics were better in central vision compared to both non-central presentation locations. In addition, reading, temporal processing, and spatial visual span metrics were better in the younger than older subjects for central and inferior vision, but not for the left of fixation condition. Our results for central and inferior presentation locations support the hypothesis that temporal processing speed and spatial visual span were associated with Chinese character reading speed. Surprisingly, no association was observed for the 10o left of the fixation presentation location, suggesting that the factors affecting reading speed differ for inferior and lateral mid-peripheral viewing locations.

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Aging Effects on the Visual Span for Alphabetic Stimuli

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Predictability effects and parafoveal processing in older readers.

Predictability effects and parafoveal processing in older readers.

Exploration of dynamic text presentations in bilateral central vision loss

Effects of visual span on Chinese reading performance in normal peripheral vision

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