Aging effects on airflow distribution and micron-particle transport and deposition in a human lung using CFD-DPM approach

Rahman, Mizanur; Zhao, Ming; Islam, Mohammad S.; Dong, Kun; Saha, Suvash C.

doi:10.1016/j.apt.2021.08.003

Cited by 36 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In addition, the conditions of stationary walls and no-slip are applied to the airway walls. A ‘trap’ boundary condition is also used as a Discrete Phase Model (DPM) wall condition [ 46 , 47 ]. As a result of the trap conditions, particles should be deposited when the particle touches the lung wall.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Wave and Bushfire Meteorology in New South Wales, Australia: Air Quality and Health Impacts

Islam

Fang

Oldfield

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The depletion of air quality is a major problem that is faced around the globe. In Australia, the pollutants emitted by bushfires play an important role in making the air polluted. These pollutants in the air result in many adverse impacts on the environment. This paper analysed the air pollution from the bushfires from November 2019 to July 2020 and identified how it affects the human respiratory system. The bush fires burnt over 13 million hectares, destroying over 2400 buildings. While these immediate effects were devastating, the long-term effects were just as devastating, with air pollution causing thousands of people to be admitted to hospitals and emergency departments because of respiratory complications. The pollutant that caused most of the health effects throughout Australia was Particulate Matter (PM) PM2.5 and PM10. Data collection and analysis were covered in this paper to illustrate where and when PM2.5 and PM10, and other pollutants were at their most concerning levels. Susceptible areas were identified by analysing environmental factors such as temperature and wind speed. The study identified how these pollutants in the air vary from region to region in the same time interval. This study also focused on how these pollutant distributions vary according to the temperature, which helps to determine the relationship between the heatwave and air quality. A computational model for PM2.5 aerosol transport to the realistic airways was also developed to understand the bushfire exhaust aerosol transport and deposition in airways. This study would improve the knowledge of the heat wave and bushfire meteorology and corresponding respiratory health impacts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Wave and Bushfire Meteorology in New South Wales, Australia: Air Quality and Health Impacts

Islam

Fang

Oldfield

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The Lagrangian approach is used to simulate the particle TD in the lung airways. The dynamics of each particle are controlled through the force balance equation: d u⃗ p d t = F D false( u⃗ − u⃗ normalp false) + g⃗ ρ p false( ρ normalp − ρ false) where u and u p represent the velocity of continuous and discrete phases, respectively, g is the gravitational acceleration, ρ p is particle density, which is taken as 1100 kg/m 3 . − F D ( u⃗ – u⃗ p ) represents the drag force per particle mass, and the F D for the spherical particle is determined using the following relation: F D = 1 2 C D π d p 2 4 ρ false( v⃗ normalp − v⃗ false) false| v⃗ normalp − v⃗ false| where C D is the drag coefficient, d p is the diameter of the particle, and v p is the particle velocity. For particle deposition, a trap condition is applied on the wall of the lung model and an escape condition is applied at all outlets of the airways, which corresponds to the exit point at generation six. , This ensures that when a particle strikes the inner wall of the lung, the fate of that particle will be considered trapped or deposited at that point of the airway.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Treatment of Tumor in Upper Human Respiratory Tract Using Microaerosols

Riaz,

Munir,

Farooq

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Lung cancer is a frequently diagnosed respiratory disease caused by particulate matter in the environment, especially among older individuals. For its effective treatment, a promising approach involves administering drug particles through the inhalation route. Multiple studies have investigated the flow behavior of inhaled particles in the respiratory airways of healthy patients. However, the existing literature lacks studies on the precise understanding of the transportation and deposition (TD) of inhaled particles through age-specific, unhealthy respiratory tracts containing a tumor, which can potentially optimize lung cancer treatment. This study aims to investigate the TD of inhaled drug particles within a tumorous, age-specific human respiratory tract. The computational model reports that drug particles within the size range of 5–10 μm are inclined to deposit more on the tumor located in the upper airways of a 70-year-old lung. Conversely, for individuals aged 50 and 60 years, an optimal particle size range for achieving the highest degree of particle deposition onto upper airway tumor falls within the 11–20 μm range. Flow disturbances are found to be at a maximum in the airway downstream of the tumor. Additionally, the impact of varying inhalation flow rates on particle TD is examined. The obtained patterns of airflow distribution and deposition efficiency on the tumor wall for different ages and tumor locations in the upper tracheobronchial airways would be beneficial for developing an efficient and targeted drug delivery system.

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“…Mass fractions of propellant, ethanol, and drug were 85%, 14.79%, and 0.21%, respectively (Duke et al 2019). Due to dilute particle flow, a two-way coupling between the fluid and particles, that neglects particleparticle interaction, was considered (Ahookhosh et al 2021;Rahman et al 2021). The Rosin-Rammler method (in size ranges from 1 µm to 20 µm) was employed to describe the particle distribution.…”

Section: Discrete Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Actuator Nozzle and Surroundings Condition on Drug Delivery using Pressurized-Metered Dose Inhalers

Jahed

Koziński

Pakzad

2023

Preprint

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The most commonly used method to deliver aerosolized drugs to the lung is with pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). The spray actuator is a critical component of a pMDI, since it controls the atomization process by forming aerosol plumes and determining droplet size distribution. Through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, this study investigated the effect of two different nozzle types (single conventional and twin nozzles) on drug deposition in the mouth-throat (MT) region. We also studied the behavior of aerosol plumes in both an open-air environment and the MT geometry. Our study revealed that spray aerosol generated in an unconfined, open-air environment with no airflow behaves distinctly from spray introduced into the MT geometry in the presence of airflow. In addition, the actuator structure significantly impacts the device's efficacy. In the real MT airway, we found that the twin nozzle increases drug deposition in the MT region and its higher aerosol velocity negatively affects its efficiency.

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Aging effects on airflow distribution and micron-particle transport and deposition in a human lung using CFD-DPM approach

Cited by 36 publications

References 64 publications

Heat Wave and Bushfire Meteorology in New South Wales, Australia: Air Quality and Health Impacts

Heat Wave and Bushfire Meteorology in New South Wales, Australia: Air Quality and Health Impacts

Optimal Treatment of Tumor in Upper Human Respiratory Tract Using Microaerosols

The Impact of Actuator Nozzle and Surroundings Condition on Drug Delivery using Pressurized-Metered Dose Inhalers

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