Aging Effects of Sympathetic Reflex Activities on Skin Nerves

Watanabe, Harue; Shindo, Kazumasa; Ida, Haruyasu; Tanaka, Haruyuki; Nagasaka, Takamura; Shiozawa, Zenji

doi:10.1159/000073764

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We measured the SSR at the upper extremities, because these responses have been shown to be more reliable than those of the lower extremities, particularly in the elderly (Drory and Korczyn, 1993;Watanabe et al, 2003). We measured the SSR at the upper extremities, because these responses have been shown to be more reliable than those of the lower extremities, particularly in the elderly (Drory and Korczyn, 1993;Watanabe et al, 2003).…”

Section: Sympathetic Skin Response (Ssr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For recording the differential surface electrode was fixed at the palm of the left hand with the reference electrode fixed on the proximal third of the left forearm. We measured the SSR at the upper extremities, because these responses have been shown to be more reliable than those of the lower extremities, particularly in the elderly (Drory and Korczyn, 1993;Watanabe et al, 2003). Amplitude and latency of the SSR were measured.…”

Section: Sympathetic Skin Response (Ssr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of dementia on multiple components of pain

Kunz

Mylius

Scharmann

et al. 2009

European Journal of Pain

126

118

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Experimental findings on the influence of dementia on pain have so far been conflicting. There is evidence for a decreased, an unchanged and even for an increased pain processing in patients with dementia. The present study was conducted to add on the description of the impact of dementia on pain processing by assessing multiple components of pain (subjective, facial, motor reflex and autonomic responses) in parallel in one group of demented patients. Subjective (rating scale), facial (FACS), motor reflex (NFR) and autonomic (SSR, heart rate) responses to noxious electrical stimulation were assessed in 35 demented patients and 46 aged-matched healthy controls. Stimulus intensities were tailored to the individual NFR threshold. Demented patients rated the stimuli similarly painful as healthy controls did; however, the ability to provide these self-report ratings was markedly diminished in demented patients. Facial responses to noxious stimulation were significantly increased in demented patients. In line with this the NFR threshold was markedly decreased in the patient group. Autonomic responses on the other hand tended to be diminished in patients with dementia. In conclusion, dementia tends to affect different pain components in different ways. Therefore, the assessment of pain in patients with dementia should be based on the measurement of multiple components of pain and not solely on subjective self-report ratings. Furthermore, taking into account our findings on facial responses and the NFR, we think that there is sufficient evidence suggesting a rather intensified processing of noxious stimulation in this patient group.

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Section: Sympathetic Skin Response (Ssr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sympathetic Skin Response (Ssr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dementia on multiple components of pain

Kunz

Mylius

Scharmann

et al. 2009

European Journal of Pain

126

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We measured the SSR at the upper extremities, because these responses have been shown to be more reliable than those of the lower extremities, particularly in the elderly [23,24] . Amplitude and latency of the SSR were measured.…”

Section: Autonomic Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Age and Mild Cognitive Impairment on the Pain Response System

Kunz

Mylius²,

Schepelmann³

et al. 2009

Gerontology

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Background: Both age and dementia have been shown to have an effect on nociception and pain processing. The question arises whether mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is thought to be a transitional stage between normal ageing and dementia, is also associated with alterations in pain processing. Objective: The aim of the present study was to answer this question by investigating the impact of age and MCI on the pain response system. Methods: Forty young subjects, 45 cognitively unimpaired elderly subjects and 42 subjects with MCI were investigated by use of an experimental multi-method approach. The subjects were tested for their subjective (pain ratings), motor (RIII reflex), facial (Facial Action Coding System) and their autonomic (sympathetic skin response and evoked heart rate response) responses to noxious electrical stimulation of the nervus suralis. Results: We found significant group differences in the autonomic responses to noxious stimulation. The sympathetic skin response amplitude was significantly reduced in the cognitively unimpaired elderly subjects compared to younger subjects and to an even greater degree in subjects with MCI. The evoked heart rate response was reduced to a similar degree in both groups of aged subjects. Regression analyses within the two groups of the elderly subjects revealed that age and, in the MCI group, cognitive status were significant predictors of the decrease in autonomic responsiveness to noxious stimulation. Except for the autonomic parameters, no other pain parameter differed between the three groups. Conclusion: The pain response system appeared to be quite unaltered in MCI patients compared to cognitively unimpaired individuals of the same age. Only the sympathetic responsiveness qualified as an indicator of early aging effects as well as of pathophysiology associated with MCI, which both seemed to affect the pain system independently from each other.

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“…There were no differences in electrical stimuliinduced reflex skin sympathetic nerve activity between young and older subjects, but effector organ responses such as SSR were diminished in older subjects [33]. Karatas et al [20] revealed that there was a negative correlation with age and RR interval and trained sportsmen (n = 22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The sympathetic skin response habituation in sedentary subjects and sportsmen

et al. 2008

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the habituation rates of the sympathetic skin response (SSR) in sedentary subjects and trained sportsmen. A total of 52 voluntary male students (30 sedentary subjects and 22 trained sportsmen) participated in the experiment. SSR was recorded with the contralateral electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve (of the upper extremities). In order to initiate the SSRs, 16 square-wave consecutive electrical shock stimuli were presented to each subject over the left ulnar nerve. In 52 subjects, 16 stimuli were applied at random time intervals (20-50 s). In sedentary subjects, the mean amplitude of the SSRs decreased from 4.83 +/- 0.36 mV at the first stimulus, to 0.80 +/- 0.12 mV at the 16th stimulus. In trained sportsmen, the mean amplitude of the SSRs decreased from 3.95 +/- 0.51 mV at the first stimulus, to 0.80 +/- 0.17 mV at the 16th stimulus. In the sedentary subjects, at the S1-S9 stimuli, the mean amplitudes of SSRs were higher than those of trained sportsmen. Depending upon these findings we can say that the trained sportsmen showed a more rapid habituation than sedentary subjects. In these processes, changes of amplitude and latency values reflect changes in amount of neuronal activation. Amplitude reflects the amount of neuronal activation, which is concerned with number of neuronal populations. Neuroplasticity, known as the habituation of the brain, is the adaptation of autonomic nervous system, which can be reflected by SSRs.

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Aging Effects of Sympathetic Reflex Activities on Skin Nerves

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of dementia on multiple components of pain

Influence of dementia on multiple components of pain

Effects of Age and Mild Cognitive Impairment on the Pain Response System

The sympathetic skin response habituation in sedentary subjects and sportsmen

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