Aging effects of AC harmonics on lithium-ion cells

A Comparative Study on the Influence of DC/DC-Converter Induced High Frequency Current Ripple on Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…discharge mode (1) with u ∈ {0, 1} yields the linearly rising and falling current wave, that is depicted in Figure 1c,d respectively. Thus, the battery current is basically a triangular wave that is induced on a mean value i bat comparable with the approach in [16]. Combining the differential equation…”

“…First of all, well suited test equipment has to be found. Keeping the focus on the selected literature, the authors of [14][15][16] use signal generators to induce sinusoidal or triangular waves on the DC-current flowing in and out of the batteries. This is a very viable approach since the spectra only consist of the fundamental wave in case of the sinusoidal excitation or in the well known form of odd harmonics that decline in orders of 1/n 2 in case of triangular ripple currents.…”

“…Again, the authors stress that elevated temperatures cover possible effects originating from small current ripple. Finally, Bessman et al give a short but comprehensive review of additional research in this particular field in [16]. Moreover, they carry out measurements with underlying triangular waves using twelve larger prismatic cells that are more comparable to cells that are used in high energy and/or high power battery storage systems.…”

Integration of Magnified Alternating Current in Battery Fast Chargers Based on DC–DC Converters Using Transformerless Resonant Filter Design

“…However, recently [20]- [24] show that AC currents may not be as harmful for LIB as considered so far. Nonetheless, [20]- [24] did not carry experimental tests with AC currents higher than 1 c-rate, and their conclusions still need confirmation for subzero temperatures. However, in case large AC currents injected at subzero temperatures turn out not to be harmful for LIBs, DC-(DC/X•AC) converters may be a good candidate for tomorrow's fast chargers.…”

“…Historically, and still today according to some papers, AC currents have been regarded as harmful for LIBs [16]- [19]. However, recently [20]- [24] show that AC currents may not be as harmful for LIB as considered so far. Nonetheless, [20]- [24] did not carry experimental tests with AC currents higher than 1 c-rate, and their conclusions still need confirmation for subzero temperatures.…”