Aging, context processing, and comprehension

Payne, Brennan R.; Silcox, Jack

doi:10.1016/bs.plm.2019.07.001

Cited by 39 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…At the same time, we found that highly constraining sentential context seemed to completely eliminate the negative effects of noise on recognition memory that was observed for low constraint sentences. This is in agreement with a number of prior studies that have found that supportive context leads to better memory performance (for a review see Payne & Silcox, 2019).…”

Section: Effects Of Acoustic Challenge On Speech Memorysupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The beneficial effects of context on offline word recognition and memory are robust in the speech audiology literature (see Payne & Silcox, 2019 for a recent review). For example, Pichora-Fuller and colleagues (1995) investigated how context is used in less than ideal listening scenarios by manipulating contextual constraint and level of background noise and asking participants to identify sentence-final words.…”

Section: Listening Effort and The Effects Of Context On Behavioral Mementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As can be seen in the preceding review, there is a clear discrepancy between the behavioral evidence seen in the field of cognitive audiology and the electrophysiological evidence seen in the field of cognitive neuroscience (for a more thorough discussion see Payne & Silcox, 2019).…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although research on listening effort dates back to the 1960s (e.g., Rabbitt, 1968), the factors underlying effortful listening and its impacts on higher level language comprehension are not well understood. For example, although it has been proposed that listeners can utilize semantic and syntactic information available in the ongoing linguistic context to mitigate the effects of effortful listening (e.g., Pichora-Fuller, 2008), there exists a conflict between the audiology and cognitive neuroscience literatures as to how the use of context is modulated by changes in acoustic challenge and listening effort (Payne & Silcox, 2019). Specifically, findings from offline behavioral measures (e.g., word recognition, subsequent memory) in the field of cognitive audiology has found not only that a listener can successfully use context when processing acoustically challenging speech, but that it can even help to alleviate the burden of effortful listening (e.g., Pichora-Fuller, 2008;Sheldon et al, 2008;Benichov et al, 2012;Lash et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The costs (and benefits) of effortful listening on context processing: A simultaneous electrophysiology, pupillometry, and behavioral study

Silcox¹,

Payne²

2020

Preprint

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There is a disparity between the fields of cognitive audiology and cognitive electrophysiology as to how linguistic context is utilized when listening to perceptually challenging speech. To gain a clearer picture of how listening effort impacts context use, we conducted a pre-registered study to simultaneously examine electrophysiological, pupillometric, and behavioral responses when listening to sentences varying in contextual constraint and acoustic challenge in the same sample. Participants (N = 44) listened to sentences that were highly constraining and completed with expected or unexpected sentence-final words (“The prisoners were planning their escape/party”) or were low-constraint sentences with unexpected sentence-final words (“All day she thought about the party”). Sentences were presented either in quiet or with +3 dB SNR background noise. Pupillometry and EEG were simultaneously recorded and subsequent sentence recognition and word recall were measured. While the N400 expectancy effect was diminished by noise, suggesting impaired real-time context use, we simultaneously observed a beneficial effect of constraint on subsequent recognition memory for degraded speech. Importantly, analyses of trial-to-trial coupling between pupil dilation and N400 amplitude showed that when participants’ showed increased listening effort (i.e., greater pupil dilation), there was a subsequent recovery of the N400 effect, but at the same time, higher effort was related to poorer subsequent sentence recognition and word recall. Collectively, these findings suggest divergent effects of acoustic challenge and listening effort on context use: while noise impairs the rapid use of context to facilitate lexical semantic processing in general, this negative effect is attenuated when listeners increase effort in response to noise. However, this effort-induced reliance on context for online word processing comes at the cost of poorer subsequent memory.

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Section: Effects Of Acoustic Challenge On Speech Memorysupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Listening Effort and The Effects Of Context On Behavioral Mementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The costs (and benefits) of effortful listening on context processing: A simultaneous electrophysiology, pupillometry, and behavioral study

Silcox¹,

Payne²

2020

Preprint

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“…This ordinal position effect is often observed as a decrease in fixation duration or reading time, which has been argued to reflect the accumulation of contextual constraint facilitating processing. Such findings are consistent with electrophysiological work showing robust ordinal position effects on the N400 component of the event-related brain potential (Dambacher et al, 2006; Payne et al, 2015; Payne & Federmeier, 2018; Van Petten & Kutas, 1990), reflecting facilitation from incrementally accruing contexts (see also Payne & Silcox, 2019, for a recent review). However, other work suggests effects of ordinal word position on eye movements may be positive (Pynte et al, 2008) or non-linear (Kuperman et al, 2010).…”

Section: The Current Studysupporting

confidence: 86%

Literacy skill and intra-individual variability in eye-fixation durations during reading: Evidence from a diverse community-based adult sample

Payne

Federmeier

Stine‐Morrow

2020

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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To understand the effects of literacy on fundamental processes involved in reading, we report a secondary data analysis examining individual differences in global eye-movement measures and first-pass eye-movement distributions in a diverse sample of community-dwelling adults aged 16 to 64. Participants ( n = 80) completed an assessment battery probing verbal and non-verbal cognitive abilities and read simple two-sentence passages while their eye movements were recorded. Analyses were focused on characterising the effects of literacy skill on both global indices of eye-fixation distributions and distributional differences in the sensitivity to lexical features. Global reading measures showed that lower literate adults read more slowly on average. However, distributional analyses of fixation durations revealed that the first-pass fixation durations of adults with lower literacy skill were not slower in general (i.e., there was no shift in the fixation duration distribution among lower literate adults). Instead, lower literacy was associated with greater intra-individual variability in first-pass fixation durations, including an increased proportion of extremely long fixations, differentially skewing the distribution of both first-fixation and gaze durations. Exploratory repeated-measures quantile regression analyses of gaze duration revealed differentially greater influences of word length among lower literate readers and greater activation of phonological and orthographic neighbours among higher literate readers, particularly in the tail of the distribution. Collectively, these findings suggest that literacy skill in adulthood is associated with systematic differences in both global and lexically driven eye-movement control during reading.

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The many timescales of context in language processing

Ryskin

Fang

2021

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

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Aging, context processing, and comprehension

Cited by 39 publications

References 183 publications

The costs (and benefits) of effortful listening on context processing: A simultaneous electrophysiology, pupillometry, and behavioral study

The costs (and benefits) of effortful listening on context processing: A simultaneous electrophysiology, pupillometry, and behavioral study

Literacy skill and intra-individual variability in eye-fixation durations during reading: Evidence from a diverse community-based adult sample

The many timescales of context in language processing

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