Aging clocks & mortality timers, methylation, glycomic, telomeric and more. A window to measuring biological age

Abstract

As humans age multiple forms of biological decay ensue, and many aspects of human biology can be measured to determine how far biological machinery has drifted from homeostasis. Research has led to aging clocks being developed that claim to predict biological age as opposed to chronological age. Aging could be regarded as a measured loss of homeostatic biological equilibrium that augments biological decay in fully developed tissues. Measuring aspects of how far various elements of biology have drifted from a youthful state may allow us to make determinations on a subject's health but also make informed predictions on their biological age. As we see across human physiology, many facets that maintain human health taper off such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, glutathione, catalase, super oxide dismutase, and more.Extracellular vesicle density also tapers off during age combined with epigenetic drift, telomere attrition, and stem cell exhaustion, whilst genomic instability and biological insults from environment and lifestyle factors increase. Measuring these types of biomarkers with aging clocks may allow subjects to understand their own health more accurately and enable subjects to better focus on their efforts in the pursuit of longevity and, in addition, allow healthcare practitioners to deliver better health advice.

Biomarkers of aging

“…Numerous biomarkers have been proposed to understand and measure these processes. Aging clocks, estimators of chronological age, can integrate and predict various measures of biological aging utilizing multiple omics and phenotypic data across tissues, aiming to evaluate or predict the biological age and aging speed of the body at molecular resolution (Bell et al, 2019;Palmer, 2022).…”

A Systems Level Explanation for Gompertzian Mortality Patterns is provided by the “Multiple and Inter-dependent Component Cause Model”

“…Considerable effort has been made in order to define and quantify biological age and a huge number of biomarkers that correlate with age have been elucidated and combined into various quantitative measures of biological age or so-called "aging clocks" [3,4]. However the concept of biological age lacks a precise and generally accepted definition [1,5,6].…”

Three Tiers to biological escape velocity: The quest to outwit aging

“…Disease prediction and prevention has in part now arrived with many emerging technologies. Death prediction is even possible via technologies known as aging clocks and mortality timers 47 . Knowing this type of confronting data (mortality prediction) allows a subject to take evasive action.…”

“…Death prediction is even possible via technologies known as aging clocks and mortality timers. 47 Knowing this type of confronting data (mortality prediction) allows a subject to take evasive action. Most if not all humans will have a predisposition to some disease or another at some stage, and these so called “ticking time bombs” laying dormant in humanity's genes can not only be found years before they happen, many of them can be defused with various interventions.…”