Aging, Calorie Restriction and Calorie Restriction Mimetics

Abstract

In line with the increase in the number of older people in the world, the focus of scientists is directed at examining mechanisms of the aging process as well as establishing strategies/interventions in order to slow down aging and achieve longevity. On preclinical testing models, the most effective strategy for this purpose, as well as for the purpose of delaying age-related diseases, nutritional intervention-restriction of calorie (CR) has been demonstrated, but also some alternative forms of calorie restriction. Possible undesirable effects of restriction are still in the testing phase, and it is known that it is generally difficult to implement in humans. Therefore, the new area of research in gerontology has become the discovery and examination of the effects of compounds that mimic the effects of caloric restriction, so called caloric restriction mimetics (CRM). These compounds include numerous compounds of natural origin but also approved medicaments with certain indications. This overview summarizes the latest data on known mechanisms of caloric restriction and more familiar caloric restriction mimetics. Sažetak:Starenje, kalorijske restrikcije i kalorijsko restrikcijska mimetrika U skladu s povećanjem broja starijih ljudi u svijetu, fokus znanstvenika usmjeren je na ispitivanje mehanizama procesa starenja kao i na uspostavljanje strategija / intervencija kako bi se usporilo starenje i postigla dugovječnost. Na predkliničkim modelima ispitivanja, najučinkovitija strategija za ovu svrhu, kao i za odgađanje bolesti povezanih s dobi, pokazana je prehrambena intervencija -ograničenje kalorija, ali i neki alternativni oblici ograničavanja kalorija. Mogući neželjeni učinci restrikcije još su u fazi ispitivanja, a poznato je da je to općenito teško provesti kod ljudi. Stoga je novo područje istraživanja u gerontologiji postalo otkriće i ispitivanje učinaka spojeva koji oponašaju učinke kalorijske restrikcije, takozvane mimetike kalorijske restrikcije. Ti spojevi uključuju brojne spojeve prirodnog podrijetla, ali i odobrene lijekove s određenim indikacijama. Ovaj pregled sažima najnovije podatke o poznatim mehanizmima kalorijskog ograničenja i poznatijim mimeticima za ograničenje kalorija. ključne

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“…[probably 1920s], tens of spec., Rudolf Čepelák leg. ( Čepelák 1925 ; the site specified from Čepelák’s diary – see Fig. 20 ); June 1926, [Rudolf] Čepelák leg., 1 ♂ in coll.…”

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