Aging and time-based prospective memory in the laboratory: a meta-analysis on age-related differences and possible explanatory factors

From attentional fluctuations to intentional fluctuations? Monitoring behavior and intraindividual variability in time-based prospective memory.

“…The present study thus also contributes to clarifying the mechanisms underlying the age-related impairment in time-based PM in the laboratory (see Henry et al, 2004). Our findings illustrate that monitoring for time frequently and strategically is highly demanding in attentional processes, and thus, particularly difficult for individuals with fewer attentional resources, such as older adults (Ballhausen et al, 2017;d'Ydewalle et al, 2001;Laera, Borghese, et al, 2023;Mäntylä & Carelli, 2006;Martin & Schumann-Hengsteler, 2001; for similar conclusions in event-based PM, see also Laera, Joly-Burra, et al, 2023).…”

“…This last model allowed disentangling the respective contributions of IIV and monitoring to PM and OT performance, and thus clarified whether the potential effects of IIV were not, in fact, confounded with the effects of monitoring. In all three models, age was also entered as a predictor of IIV and time-monitoring indicators (Model 1), and of PM and OT accuracies (Models 2 and 3) to account for potential confounding effects (for an overview of age effects in time-based PM and clock-checking, see Joly-Burra et al, 2022; Laera, Borghese, et al, 2023). Please note that although we did not have specific hypotheses regarding the predictive role of iM , we included this variable as a predictor alongside iSD and φ in Models 1, 2, and 3.…”