“…This assumption has subsequently been supported in a variety of contexts such as spelling (Houghton, Glasspool, & Shallice, 1994), mental arithmetic (Arbuthnott & Campbell, 2003), and serial recall (Maylor & Henson, 2000), showing that future goals are more available in working memory than past goals owing to the recent suppression of completed actions. In the context of everyday action routines, Cooper and Shallice (2000) have proposed that self-inhibition is applied at the level of sub-goals, and that higher order nodes (steps) remain active until the sub-goals are completed, after which they are inhibited.…”