Aging and the perception of local surface orientation from optical patterns of shading and specular highlights

Norman, J. Farley; Wiesemann, Elizabeth Y.

doi:10.3758/bf03194450

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…While this is compatible with previous conclusions [16], it is surprising given the complex heuristics assumed to make such classifications [2], [4] and the types of visual processing for which there is evidence of age-related decline. Ageing is typically thought to disrupt complex processes more than simple ones: older people maintain the ability to discriminate relatively simple shapes or features, including orientation [10]–[11], [13] while showing impaired integration of features or shapes across time or space [11]–[13], [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…While not suggesting any parallels between those neurological dysfunctions and ageing or AD, we wondered whether ageing might also reduce the ability to appropriately process lighting-related visual information? This has been little investigated, although Norman & Wiesemann [16] found judgements of surface orientation from shading and highlights to be age-impaired in one experiment and age-equivalent in another. Here we focus on cast shadows: the failure to discard these as lighting “artefacts” by misinterpreting them as objects or parts of objects might increase the visual clutter present in a scene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dealing with Illumination in Visual Scenes: Effects of Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease

et al. 2012

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Various visual functions decline in ageing and even more so in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we investigated whether the complex visual processes involved in ignoring illumination-related variability (specifically, cast shadows) in visual scenes may also be compromised. Participants searched for a discrepant target among items which appeared as posts with shadows cast by light-from-above when upright, but as angled objects when inverted. As in earlier reports, young participants gave slower responses with upright than inverted displays when the shadow-like part was dark but not white (control condition). This is consistent with visual processing mechanisms making shadows difficult to perceive, presumably to assist object recognition under varied illumination. Contrary to predictions, this interaction of “shadow” colour with item orientation was maintained in healthy older and AD groups. Thus, the processing mechanisms which assist complex light-independent object identification appear to be robust to the effects of both ageing and AD. Importantly, this means that the complexity of a function does not necessarily determine its vulnerability to age- or AD-related decline.We also report slower responses to dark than light “shadows” of either orientation in both ageing and AD, in keeping with increasing light scatter in the ageing eye. Rather curiously, AD patients showed further slowed responses to “shadows” of either colour at the bottom than the top of items as if they applied shadow-specific rules to non-shadow conditions. This suggests that in AD, shadow-processing mechanisms, while preserved, might be applied in a less selective way.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing with Illumination in Visual Scenes: Effects of Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease

et al. 2012

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“…Given that aging is known to produce quantitative reductions in performance for a variety of 3-D tasks involving the utilization of binocular disparity (Laframboise et al, 2006;Norman, Dawson, & Butler, 2000;Norman et al, 2008), motion (Andersen & Atchley, 1995;Norman et al, 2004;Norman, Dawson, & Butler, 2000), lambertian shading (Norman & Wiesemann, 2007), and specular highlights (Norman & Wiesemann, 2007), it more accurate than those obtained by Braunstein (our observers' mean slope was 0.66, whereas the slope obtained by Braunstein was 0.32; perfectly accurate performance would be indicated by a slope of 1.0).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Aging and the perception of slant from optical texture, motion parallax, and binocular disparity

Norman

Crabtree

Bartholomew

et al. 2009

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Although there are significant effects of age upon the stereoscopic perception of 3D shape (Norman, Dawson, & Butler, 2000; Norman, Crabtree, Herrmann, et al, 2006), these age-related changes are usually quantitative rather than qualitative in nature. For the most part, the stereoscopic systems of older observers function similarly to those of younger observers (Norman & Wiesemann, 2007; Norman, Norman, et al, 2008). The same cannot be said for the visual perception of 3D shape from motion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same cannot be said for the visual perception of 3D shape from motion. While older observers can perceive 3D shape from motion (Andersen & Atchley, 1995; Blake, Rizzo, & McEvoy, 2008; Norman, Bartholomew, & Burton, 2008; Norman, Clayton, Shular, & Thompson, 2004; Norman et al, 2000; Norman & Wiesemann, 2007), their ability to recover information about 3D shape from motion fails if the temporal correspondence of moving surface points is sufficiently disrupted (see Norman et al, 2000, 2004). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and the haptic perception of 3D surface shape

Norman

Kappers

Beers

et al. 2010

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Two experiments evaluated the ability of older and younger adults to perceive the three-dimensional (3D) shape of object surfaces from active touch (haptics). The ages of the older adults ranged from 64 to 84 years, while those of the younger adults ranged from 18 to 27 years. In Experiment 1, the participants haptically judged the shape of large (20 cm diameter) surfaces with an entire hand. In contrast, in Experiment 2, the participants explored the shape of small (5 cm diameter) surfaces with a single finger. The haptic surfaces varied in shape index (Koenderink, Solid shape, 1990; Koenderink, Image and Vision Computing, 10, 557–564, 1992) from −1.0 to +1.0 in steps of 0.25. For both types of surfaces (large and small), the participants were able to judge surface shape reliably. The older participants’ judgments of surface shape were just as accurate and precise as those of the younger participants. The results of the current study demonstrate that while older adults do possess reductions in tactile sensitivity and acuity, they nevertheless can effectively perceive 3D surface shape from haptic exploration.

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Aging and the perception of local surface orientation from optical patterns of shading and specular highlights

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Dealing with Illumination in Visual Scenes: Effects of Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease

Dealing with Illumination in Visual Scenes: Effects of Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease

Aging and the perception of slant from optical texture, motion parallax, and binocular disparity

Aging and the haptic perception of 3D surface shape

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