Aging and smoking increase the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in man

Sarto, Fabio; Faccioli, Marco; Cominato, I.; Levis, Angelo Gino

doi:10.1016/0165-7992(85)90137-x

Cited by 64 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…The present data showing more elevated basal SCE fre quency among eld erly subjects than among young individuals indicate an association between aging and SCE, as also reported by others [5][6][7]. This increase in SCE among elderly individuals may reflect the accumu lation of damage caused by a longer exposure time to mutagens/carcinogens not identified in the environment, may reflect a modified chromosome response to certain types of DNA damage, a deficiency in DNA repair ability, or may be related to factors inherent in cell aging itself [4,6], The fact that we did not observe changes in SCE frequency in AD patients when compared to control elderly individuals leads us to conclude that the increased SCE frequency in relation to young individuals must be related to the aging process itself and not to the disease. Thus, both the increased SCE frequency and the decrease in lymphocyte proliferation in culture should be basically attributed to the normal aging process.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

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Lymphocyte Proliferation and Sister Chromatid Exchange in Alzheimer's Disease

et al. 1991

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Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and lymphocyte proliferation were studied in peripheral lymphocyte cultures derived from 5 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), 5 control elderly subjects and 5 young donors. These parameters did not differ significantly between the AD group and the elderly control group, but higher SCE frequency and less intensive proliferation were observed in the AD group and in the elderly control group when compared to the young donors.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Stud ies in which SCE frequency was related to donor age have been carried out both in lym phocytes and fibroblasts, and the results have usually indicated increased [5][6][7] or unchanged [8][9][10] frequencies as a function of age. Few studies are available on SCE fre quency in Alzheimer disease (AD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocyte Proliferation and Sister Chromatid Exchange in Alzheimer's Disease

et al. 1991

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“…Other studies have determined the effect of aging on HR by measuring SCEs in young and aged fibroblasts and lymphocytes. Interestingly, analyses of SCEs with age show conflicting results, with some studies showing no change in the spontaneous frequency of SCEs with age [69][70][71] and others indicating an increase in SCE frequency with age [72][73][74]. Thus, unlike some DNA repair pathways that exhibit decreased repair capacity with age, the ability of cells to undergo HR does not decrease with age, and, in fact, some studies suggest that the rate of HR may even be increased in aged cells [75].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-specific differences in the accumulation of sequence rearrangements with age

et al. 2008

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Mitotic homologous recombination (HR) is a critical pathway for the accurate repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and broken replication forks. While generally error-free, HR can occur between misaligned sequences, resulting in deleterious sequence rearrangements that can contribute to cancer and aging. To learn more about the extent to which HR occurs in different tissues during the aging process, we used Fluorescent Yellow Direct Repeat (FYDR) mice in which an HR event in a transgene yields a fluorescent phenotype. Here, we show tissue-specific differences in the accumulation of recombinant cells with age. Unlike pancreas, which shows a dramatic 23-fold increase in recombinant cell frequency with age, skin shows no increase in vivo. In vitro studies indicate that juvenile and aged primary fibroblasts are similarly able to undergo HR in response to endogenous and exogenous DNA damage. Therefore, the lack of recombinant cell accumulation in the skin is most likely not due to an inability to undergo de novo HR events. We propose that tissue-specific differences in the accumulation of recombinant cells with age result from differences in the ability of recombinant cells to persist and clonally expand within tissues.

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“…Furthermore, the coefficient of determination between the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and age was 0.26 while for exposure time it was 0.21, indicating a close relationship between the increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and age (and exposure time) which has been reported in previous studies (Sarto et al, 1985;Migliori et al, 1991). Since age and exposure time were not independent from each other we were unable to separate their effects.…”

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confidence: 65%

Chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes from male native miners working in the Peruvian Andes

2007

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We analyzed the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes from underground miners from the Casapalca (n = 8, mean age = 45 y, range = 36 y to 55 y) and Bellavista (n = 8, mean age = 28 y, range 23 y to 34 y) high-altitude mining camps in the Peruvian Andes. This population was occupationally exposed to heavy metals such as lead and zinc as well as diesel emission particles, organic solvents and mine dust. The control groups consisted of individuals from a high altitude farming community in the Peruvian village of Tinco (n = 8, mean age = 37 y, range = 25 y to 52 y) and the sea level city of Lima (n = 14, mean age = 26 y, range = 20 y to 35 y). All individuals were male native Peruvians. A significantly higher incidence (1.88%, p < 0.05) of chromosomal aberrations (chromatid deletions and breaks, chromosome breaks and acentric fragments) were detected in lymphocytes from miners at the Casapalca camp as compared to miners from the Bellavista camp (0.5%, chromatid deletions and acentric fragments only) and the Lima sea level (0.07%, chromatid deletions only) and Tinco high altitude (no aberrations) controls. These results suggest that male native Peruvians occupationally exposed to underground mining activity have an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations, which could be related to both age and exposure time. The increased chromosomal damage observed in the mining populations studied may be attributable to the complex mixture of genotoxic agents to which the miners may have been exposed. Chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral lymphocytes are well-established biomarkers of exposure to occupational or environmental genotoxic agents, cytogenetic analyses of lymphocytes from populations occupationally exposed to such agents having shown increased chromosomal aberration frequencies (Deknudt et al., 1973;Bauchinger et al., 1976;Lazutka et al., 1999;Topaktas et al., 2002). Underground miners are particularly exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals (e.g., heavy metals, diesel emission particles and dust), many of which are known mutagens (Johnson, 1998;Keshava and Ong, 1999;Rojas et al., 1999;Scheepers et al., 2002;Wolf et al., 2004;Donbak et al., 2005). Peruvian miners normally work at high altitude without any appropriate protective equipment, with chronic mountain sickness (excessive erythrocytosis caused by long term exposure to high altitude), silicosis and tuberculoses having frequently been reported in such workers (Paitán, 1965;León-Velarde and Arregui, 1992).Despite the fact that there are large numbers of underground miners in Peru there have been no published studies regarding the occupational exposure of these workers to genotoxic agents, one reason being the very difficult access to blood samples from these workers who are mainly native Andeans known for their aversion to blood extraction procedures.We report the results of the cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes from a group of native Peruvian miners working at high altitud...

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Aging and smoking increase the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in man

Cited by 64 publications

References 10 publications

Lymphocyte Proliferation and Sister Chromatid Exchange in Alzheimer's Disease

Lymphocyte Proliferation and Sister Chromatid Exchange in Alzheimer's Disease

Tissue-specific differences in the accumulation of sequence rearrangements with age

Chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes from male native miners working in the Peruvian Andes

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