Aging and Regenerative Capacity of Skeletal Muscle in Rats

Kaasik, Priit; Aru, Maire; Alev, Karin; Seene, Teet

doi:10.2174/1874609811205020126

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In both cases it is mainly the myofibrillar proteins synthesis rate that decreases, but not the sarcoplasmic proteins [ 10 , 14 ]. Both sarcopenic and glucocorticoids caused myopathic muscles to have impaired locomotion, general weakness, and diminished capacity for regeneration [ 15 , 16 ]. Slow regeneration of skeletal muscle is in good correlation with a decreased number of satellite cells under the basal lamina of muscle fibers [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Myofibrillar Protein Catabolism in Development of Glucocorticoid Myopathy: Aging and Functional Activity Aspects

Seene

Kaasik

2016

Metabolites

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Muscle weakness in corticosteroid myopathy is mainly the result of the destruction and atrophy of the myofibrillar compartment of fast-twitch muscle fibers. Decrease of titin and myosin, and the ratio of nebulin and MyHC in myopathic muscle, shows that these changes of contractile and elastic proteins are the result of increased catabolism of the abovementioned proteins in skeletal muscle. Slow regeneration of skeletal muscle is in good correlation with a decreased number of satellite cells under the basal lamina of muscle fibers. Aging causes a reduction of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity as the result of the reduced function of the mitochondrial compartment. AMPK activity increases as a result of increased functional activity. Resistance exercise causes anabolic and anticatabolic effects in skeletal muscle: muscle fibers experience hypertrophy while higher myofibrillar proteins turn over. These changes are leading to the qualitative remodeling of muscle fibers. As a result of these changes, possible maximal muscle strength is increasing. Endurance exercise improves capillary blood supply, increases mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle oxidative capacity, and causes a faster turnover rate of sarcoplasmic proteins as well as qualitative remodeling of type I and IIA muscle fibers. The combination of resistance and endurance exercise may be the fastest way to prevent or decelerate muscle atrophy due to the anabolic and anticatabolic effects of exercise combined with an increase in oxidative capacity. The aim of the present short review is to assess the role of myofibrillar protein catabolism in the development of glucocorticoid-caused myopathy from aging and physical activity aspects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Myofibrillar Protein Catabolism in Development of Glucocorticoid Myopathy: Aging and Functional Activity Aspects

Seene

Kaasik

2016

Metabolites

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“…Aging is a physiological process that includes a gradual decrease in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and endurance, coupled with an ineffective response to tissue damage [35]. Decreases in the protein synthesis rate is affected by the translational process occurring in older human skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decreases in the protein synthesis rate is affected by the translational process occurring in older human skeletal muscle. After muscle damage, muscles in older subjects do not regenerate as well compared to young adults [35]. The decreased regeneration capacity of muscles is due to both extrinsic (low amino acid intake and lack of muscle stimulation due to low physical activity) and intrinsic factors (blunted protein synthesis responses, and increased circulation of inflammatory and catabolic cytokines) [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Carnitine Tartrate Supplementation for 5 Weeks Improves Exercise Recovery in Men and Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Stefan¹,

Sharp²,

Gheith³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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L-carnitine tartrate has been shown to improve relatively short-term recovery among athletes. However, there is a lack of research on the longer-term effects in the general population. Objective: The primary objectives of this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were to evaluate the effects of daily L-carnitine tartrate supplementation for 5 weeks on recovery and fatigue. Method: In this study, eighty participants, 21- to 65-years-old, were recruited. Participants were split into two groups of forty participants each, a placebo, and a L-carnitine Tartrate group. Seventy-three participants completed a maintenance exercise training program that culminated in a high-volume exercise challenge. Results: Compared to placebo, L-carnitine tartrate supplementation was able to improve perceived recovery and soreness (p = 0.021), and lower serum creatine kinase (p = 0.016). In addition, L-carnitine tartrate supplementation was able to blunt declines in strength and power compared to placebo following an exercise challenge. Two sub-analyses indicated that these results were independent of gender and age. Interestingly, serum superoxide dismutase levels increased significantly among those supplementing with L-carnitine tartrate. Conclusions: These findings agree with previous observations among healthy adult subjects and demonstrate that L-carnitine tartrate supplementation beyond 35 days is beneficial for improving recovery and reducing fatigue following exercise across gender and age.

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“…Skeletal muscle fibers have a remarkable capacity to regenerate [3] [4], and this depends on the number of satellite cells under the basal lamina of fibers and their oxidative capacity [5]. Autografting of skeletal muscle in old rodents shows that regeneration proceeds at a significantly slower rate in comparison with young animals [6]. A decrease in the number of satellite cells has been shown in fast-twitch muscle fibers of elderly subjects [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functionally heterogeneous satellite cells with different properties may be recruited for different tasks, for example, muscle regeneration [8]- [10]. After severe damage, muscles in old rodents did not regenerate as well as muscles in adults [6]. The decreased regeneration capacity of muscles has shown due to extrinsic causes rather than an intrinsic limitation of muscles, but it is a combination of both extrinsic and intrinsic factors that contribute to reduced skeletal muscle regeneration [11] [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Associated Changes in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: Effect of Exercise

Seene¹,

Kaasik²

2015

AAR

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Aim of the present short review is to provide a comprehensive update on age-associated skeletal muscle damage, regeneration, and effect of endurance and resistance type of exercise training on muscle regeneration. Decrease in muscle quantity and quality leads to disability in the aging population. The degradation rate of muscle proteins during aging increased about two times, and muscle strength and motor activity decreased at the same time. Aging induced sarcopenia is a result of decreased synthesis and increased degradation of muscle proteins, which leads to the slower turnover rate of these proteins, especially contractile proteins, and this, in turn, leads to the decrease in muscle strength. Muscle damage is mainly caused by excessive strain in contracting fibre and aging muscle is particularly sensitive to it. The decreased synthesis and increased degradation rate of contractile proteins are in accordance with the increase destructive processes in muscle and lead to the decrease in the regeneration capacity and development of sarcopenia in the elderly. Exercise training increases muscle mass, oxidative capacity, contracile quality, regeneration capacity and via this, physiological functioning of skeletal muscle is improved in the elderly.

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Aging and Regenerative Capacity of Skeletal Muscle in Rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Role of Myofibrillar Protein Catabolism in Development of Glucocorticoid Myopathy: Aging and Functional Activity Aspects

Role of Myofibrillar Protein Catabolism in Development of Glucocorticoid Myopathy: Aging and Functional Activity Aspects

L-Carnitine Tartrate Supplementation for 5 Weeks Improves Exercise Recovery in Men and Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Age-Associated Changes in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: Effect of Exercise

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