Aging and radiation: bad companions

Hernández, Laia; Terradas, Mariona; Camps, Jordi; Martı́n, Marga; Tusell, Laura; Genescà, Anna

doi:10.1111/acel.12306

Cited by 70 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In our study, the majority of hematological cancer cases have been observed among patients aged 60 years and over (40.4 % of MH). This result is predictable since cancer is triggered after several genetic mutations that accumulate with age [ 34 , 35 ]. In this age group, there was a female predominance with a male to female ratio of 0.9.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and features of hematological malignancies in Eastern Morocco: a retrospective multicenter study over 5 years

Errahhali

Boulouiz

et al. 2016

BMC Cancer

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Background: Hematological malignancies (HM) are a public health problem. The pattern and distribution of diagnosed hematological cancers vary depending on age, sex, geography, and ethnicity suggesting the involvement of genetic and environmental factors for the development of these diseases. To our knowledge, there is no published report on HM in the case of Eastern Morocco. In this report we present for the first time the overall pattern of HM for this region. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of patients diagnosed with HM between January 2008 and December 2012 in three centres in Eastern Morocco providing cancer diagnosis, treatment or palliative care services. The FAB (French-American-British) classification system has been taken into account in the analysis of myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms. Results: In this study, a total of 660 cases of HM were registered between January 2008 and December 2012. Overall, 6075 cases of cancers all sites combined were registered during this study period, indicating that HM account for around 10.9 % (660/6075) of all cancers recorded. Among the 660 registered cases of HM, 53 % were males and 47 % were females, with a male to female ratio of 1.1. Thus, overall, men are slightly more affected with HM than women. By contrast, a female predominance was observed in the case of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). HM occur at a relatively young age, with an overall median age at diagnosis of 54 years. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was the most common HM accounting for 29.7 % of all HM, followed by HL, MPN, multiple myelomas (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), AML, MDS, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). The majority of HM cases have been observed among patients aged 60 years and over (40.4 % of HM).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and features of hematological malignancies in Eastern Morocco: a retrospective multicenter study over 5 years

Errahhali

Boulouiz

et al. 2016

BMC Cancer

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“…Moreover, the relative risk of cardiovascular events was reported up to 60-fold higher in childhood cancer survivors that received a higher cardiac mean dose of >30 Gy compared to patients who received either no RT or a dose to the heart of 0.1 Gy or less [158]. While some studies report exposure at an older age may also be a risk factor for more severe normal tissue toxicity [159,160], a rodent study reported increased mortality rates and incidence of RT pneumonitis compared to geriatric rats after 13 Gy partial body irradiation [161]. Therefore, in preclinical research it is important to treat animals at an age that is most appropriate for the clinical scenario that is under investigation, which may also be dependent upon the sex and strain of the animal.…”

Section: Preclinical Models To Study Cardiac Radiation Toxicities: Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Preclinical Research Models of Radiation-Induced Cardiac Toxicity

Schlaak

SenthilKumar

Boerma

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Radiation therapy (RT) is an important component of cancer therapy, with >50% of cancer patients receiving RT. As the number of cancer survivors increases, the short-and long-term side effects of cancer therapy are of growing concern. Side effects of RT for thoracic tumors, notably cardiac and pulmonary toxicities, can cause morbidity and mortality in long-term cancer survivors. An understanding of the biological pathways and mechanisms involved in normal tissue toxicity from RT will improve future cancer treatments by reducing the risk of long-term side effects. Many of these mechanistic studies are performed in animal models of radiation exposure. In this area of research, the use of small animal image-guided RT with treatment planning systems that allow more accurate dose determination has the potential to revolutionize knowledge of clinically relevant tumor and normal tissue radiobiology. However, there are still a number of challenges to overcome to optimize such radiation delivery, including dose verification and calibration, determination of doses received by adjacent normal tissues that can affect outcomes, and motion management and identifying variation in doses due to animal heterogeneity. In addition, recent studies have begun to determine how animal strain and sex affect normal tissue radiation injuries. This review article discusses the known and potential benefits and caveats of newer technologies and methods used for small animal radiation delivery, as well as how the choice of animal models, including variables such as species, strain, and age, can alter the severity of cardiac radiation toxicities and impact their clinical relevance.

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“…High levels of cf-DNA in the urine of aged rats subjected to IR is obviously associated with the presence of defective cells (damaged organelles and DNA) having low activity of reparation systems in the tissues of these rats prior to irradiation. 24 It should be noted that due to the reduction of activity in the functioning of protective and reparative systems, higher DNA damage and cell death rates can be observed in the kidneys, similarly to other tissues of aged animals, as compared to young animals. 25 It can also be assumed that elevation of cf-DNA level in the urine of irradiated rats is likely contributed by the development of radiation-induced nephropathy in these animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-rays and metformin cause increased urinary excretion of cell-free nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in aged rats

Gaziev

Abdullaev

Minkabirova

et al. 2016

Journal of Circulating Biomarkers

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Activation of cell death in mammals can be assessed by an increase of an amount of cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) in urine or plasma. We investigated the excretion of cf nuclear DNA (nDNA) and cf mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the urine of rats 3 and 24 months in age after X-irradiation and metformin administration. Analyses showed that prior to treatment, the amount of cf-nDNA was 40% higher and cf-mtDNA was 50% higher in the urine of aged rats compared to that of young animals. At 12 h after irradiation, the content of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA in the urine of young rats was increased by 200% and 460%, respectively, relative to the control, whereas in the urine of aged rats, it was 250% and 720% higher. After 6 h following metformin administration, the amount of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA in the urine of young rats was elevated by 25% and 55% and by 50% and 160% in the urine of aged rats. Thus, these preliminary data suggest that X-rays and metformin cause a significant increase of cf-DNA in the urine of older rats caused by the active cell death in tissues. These results also suggest that metformin possibly initiates the death of the cells containing structural and functional abnormalities.

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Aging and radiation: bad companions

Cited by 70 publications

References 93 publications

Distribution and features of hematological malignancies in Eastern Morocco: a retrospective multicenter study over 5 years

Distribution and features of hematological malignancies in Eastern Morocco: a retrospective multicenter study over 5 years

Advances in Preclinical Research Models of Radiation-Induced Cardiac Toxicity

X-rays and metformin cause increased urinary excretion of cell-free nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in aged rats

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