Aging and Habituation of the Tarsal Response in &lt;i&gt;Drosophila melanogaste&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;

Bourg, Éric Le

doi:10.1159/000213149

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Post-hoc testing showed a significant difference between 0-and 10-min recovered flies (P , 0.001; SNK) and 10-min and 1-hr recovered flies (P ¼ 0.002; SNK Table 1). This result is similar to the gustatory habituation findings of others in the literature (Duerr and Quinn 1982;Le Bourg 1983;Fois et al 1991;Scheiner et al 2004). Furthermore, flies that are exposed briefly to just water display a nonsignificant change in post-exposure PER behavior (t-test, t (6) ¼ 0.47, P ¼ 0.65) (Fig.…”

Section: Habituation Of Proboscis Extension Reflexsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…More strikingly, exposure to brief puffs of yeast odor (see Materials and Methods) just before post-exposure testing leads to an instantaneous partial recovery of PER (t-test, t (8) ¼ 8.91, P , 0.001) (Fig. 1D), similar to the results of Le Bourg (1983) and Fois et al (1991). The observed "dishabituation" indicates that motor fatigue is unlikely to underlie the attenuation in PER (Thompson and Spencer 1966;Rankin et al 2009).…”

Section: Habituation Of Proboscis Extension Reflexsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Gustatory habituation in Drosophila relies on rutabaga (adenylate cyclase)-dependent plasticity of GABAergic inhibitory neurons

et al. 2012

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In some situations, animals seem to ignore stimuli which in other contexts elicit a robust response. This attenuation in behavior, which enables animals to ignore a familiar, unreinforced stimulus, is called habituation. Despite the ubiquity of this phenomenon, it is generally poorly understood in terms of the underlying neural circuitry. Hungry fruit flies show a proboscis extension reflex (PER) when sensory receptors are stimulated by sugars. The PER is usually followed by feeding. However, if feeding is disallowed following sugar stimulation, PER is no longer robust, and the animal is considered to be habituated to this stimulus. Our results suggest that PER habituation requires an adenylate cyclase-dependent enhancement of inhibitory output of GABAergic neurons in the subesophageal ganglion (SOG), which mediates PER. GABA synthesis in and release from glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD1) expressing neurons is necessary, and GABA A receptors on cholinergic neurons are required for PER habituation. The proposed inhibitory potentiation requires glutamate/NMDAreceptor signaling, possibly playing a role in stimulus selectivity. We explain why these data provide significant and independent support for a general model in which inhibitory potentiation underlies habituation in multiple neural systems and species.

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Section: Habituation Of Proboscis Extension Reflexsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Habituation Of Proboscis Extension Reflexsupporting

confidence: 70%

Gustatory habituation in Drosophila relies on rutabaga (adenylate cyclase)-dependent plasticity of GABAergic inhibitory neurons

et al. 2012

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“…In early studies, Le Bourg (1983) investigated the role of age on non-associative learning using a proboscis extension reflex (PER). This reflex represents a stereotyped response to the activation of chemoreceptors located on the foreleg tarsi by sucrose.…”

Section: Physiology Of Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Aging – Insights from Drosophila

Iliadi¹,

Knight²,

Boulianne³

2012

Front. Physio.

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Human life expectancy has nearly doubled in the past century due, in part, to social and economic development, and a wide range of new medical technologies and treatments. As the number of elderly increase it becomes of vital importance to understand what factors contribute to healthy aging. Human longevity is a complex process that is affected by both environmental and genetic factors and interactions between them. Unfortunately, it is currently difficult to identify the role of genetic components in human longevity. In contrast, model organisms such as C. elegans, Drosophila, and rodents have facilitated the search for specific genes that affect lifespan. Experimental evidence obtained from studies in model organisms suggests that mutations in a single gene may increase longevity and delay the onset of age-related symptoms including motor impairments, sexual and reproductive and immune dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decline. Furthermore, the high degree of conservation between diverse species in the genes and pathways that regulate longevity suggests that work in model organisms can both expand our theoretical knowledge of aging and perhaps provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of age-related disorders.

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“…Flies have taste receptors on their front leg tarsae, and if sugar water is applied to the tarsus, a hungry Drosophila will extend its proboscis (Duerr & Quinn, 1982; Le Bourg, 1983). It is very convenient that the fly can taste the stimulus with its feet without ingesting it, thus avoiding reinforcement or satiation during habituation experiments.…”

Section: Model Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenetic approaches to habituation and dishabituation in Drosophila

Engel

2009

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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We review work in the major model systems for habituation in Drosophila melanogaster, encompassing several sensory modalities and behavioral contexts: visual (giant fiber escape response, landing response); chemical (proboscis extension reflex, olfactory jump response, locomotory startle response, odor-induced leg response, experience-dependent courtship modification); electric (shock avoidance); and mechanical (leg resistance reflex, cleaning reflex). Each model system shows several of Thompson and Spencer’s (1966) parametric criteria for habituation: spontaneous recovery and dishabituation have been described in almost all of them, and dependence of habituation upon stimulus frequency and stimulus intensity in the majority. Stimulus generalization (and conversely, the delineation of stimulus specificity) has given insights into the localization of habituation or the neural architecture underlying sensory processing. A strength of Drosophila for studying habituation is the range of genetic approaches available. Mutations have been used to modify specific neuroanatomical structures, ion channels, elements of synaptic transmission, and second messenger pathways. rutabaga and dunce, genes of the cAMP signal pathway that have been studied most often in the reviewed experiments, have also been implicated in synaptic plasticity and associative conditioning in Drosophila and other species including mammals. The use of the Gal4/UAS system for targeting gene expression has enabled genetic perturbation of defined sets of neurons. One clear lesson is that a gene may affect habituation differently in different behaviors, depending on the expression, processing, and localization of the gene product in specific circuits. Mutations of specific genes not only provide links between physiology and behavior in the same circuit, but also reveal common mechanisms in different paradigms of behavioral plasticity. The rich repertoire of models for habituation in the fly is an asset for combining a genetic approach with behavioral, anatomical and physiological methods with the promise of a more complete understanding.

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Aging and Habituation of the Tarsal Response in <i>Drosophila melanogaste</i><i>r</i>

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Gustatory habituation in Drosophila relies on rutabaga (adenylate cyclase)-dependent plasticity of GABAergic inhibitory neurons

Gustatory habituation in Drosophila relies on rutabaga (adenylate cyclase)-dependent plasticity of GABAergic inhibitory neurons

Healthy Aging – Insights from Drosophila

Neurogenetic approaches to habituation and dishabituation in Drosophila

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