Aging and Exercise

Allen, Jeralyn; Morelli, Vincent

doi:10.1016/j.cger.2011.07.010

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Convincing evidence has been accrued demonstrating the success of exercise training as a cost-effective method of maintaining or improving health among senescent individuals (Allen and Morelli, 2011; Desveaux et al, 2014; Fleg, 2012). Included among exercise regimens prescribed for the aged is resistance training, or weight lifting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of resistance training on neuromuscular junctions of young and aged muscles featuring different recruitment patterns

Deschenes

Sherman

Roby

et al. 2014

J of Neuroscience Research

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To examine the effects of aging on neuromuscular adaptations to resistance training (i.e. weight lifting), young (9 mo old) and aged (20 mo old) male rats either participated in a 6 week ladder climbing protocol with additional weight attached to their tails, or served as controls (N=10/ group). At the conclusion, rats were euthanized and hindlimb muscles were quickly removed and frozen for later analysis. Longitudinal sections of the Soleus and Plantaris muscles were collected and pre-and post-synaptic features of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were visualized with immunofluorescent staining procedures. Cross-sections of the same muscles were histochemically stained to determine myofiber profiles (fiber type and size). Statistical analysis was performed with a 2 way ANOVA (main effects of age and treatment) with significance set at P≤0.05. Results revealed that training-induced remodeling of NMJs was evident only at the post-synaptic endplate region of Soleus fast-twitch myofibers. In contrast, aging was associated with pre-and postsynaptic remodeling in fast-and slow-twitch myofibers of the Plantaris. Although both the Soleus and Plantaris muscles failed to display either training or aging-related alterations in myofiber size, aged Plantaris muscles exhibited an increased expression of Type I (slow-twitch) myofibers in conjunction with a reduced percentage of Type II (fast-twitch) myofibers suggesting early stages of sarcopenia. Overall, these data demonstrate the high degree of specificity of synaptic modifications made in response to exercise and aging, and that the sparsely recruited Plantaris is more vulnerable to the effects of aging than the more frequently recruited Soleus muscle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of resistance training on neuromuscular junctions of young and aged muscles featuring different recruitment patterns

Deschenes

Sherman

Roby

et al. 2014

J of Neuroscience Research

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“…This fiber-type specificity in age-related NMJ adaptation is probably explained by the fact that slow-twitch myofibers remain more active than fast-twitch ones and, accordingly, are more resilient to age-related structural changes. Indeed, there is compelling evidence that regular physical activity moderates adaptations to senescence in many physiological systems of the body (Ahlskog et al, 2011; Allen and Morelli, 2011; Haaland et al, 2008; Hart et al, 2008; Kappagoda and Amsterdam, 2012; Woods et al, 2012). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of pre-habilitative conditioning on unloading-induced adaptations in young and aged neuromuscular systems

Deschenes¹,

Sherman²,

Glass³

2012

Experimental Gerontology

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“…Dynapenia is a main cause of muscular instability, contributing to falls and subsequent fractures, ultimately impacting quality of life [5,6]. Both diet and exercise are practical interventions demonstrated to delay many devastating and debilitating age-associated pathologies including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction, and even some cancers [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, physical activity is the most effective means for increasing the quality of life in the elderly [15,16] and gait speed is a strong predictor of survival rate in elderly subjects [17].…”

Section: Abstract: Aging Muscle Denervation Amyotrophic Lateral Scmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Muscle Denervation in Aging: Insights from a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Park¹

2015

Aging and disease

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Muscle denervation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is thought to be a contributing factor in age-related muscle weakness. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that modulate NMJ innervation is a key to developing therapies to combat age-related muscle weakness affecting the elderly. Two mouse models, one lacking the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene and another harboring the transgenic mutant human SOD1 gene, display progressive changes at the NMJ, including muscle endplate fragmentation, nerve terminal sprouting, and denervation. These changes at the NMJ share many of the common features observed in the NMJs of aged mice. In this review, research findings demonstrating the effects of PGC-1α, IGF-1, GDNF, MyoD, myogenin, and miR-206 on NMJ innervation patterns in the G93A SOD1 mice will be highlighted in the context of age-related muscle denervation. Key words: Aging, muscle denervation, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, SOD1-/-mouse, G93A SOD1 mouse, oxidative stress Many retrospective and prospective studies have shown that age-related muscle weakness (dynapenia) is associated with decreased muscle function and increased risk for mortality in the elderly [1][2][3][4]. Dynapenia is a main cause of muscular instability, contributing to falls and subsequent fractures, ultimately impacting quality of life [5,6]. Both diet and exercise are practical interventions demonstrated to delay many devastating and debilitating age-associated pathologies including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction, and even some cancers [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, physical activity is the most effective means for increasing the quality of life in the elderly [15,16] and gait speed is a strong predictor of survival rate in elderly subjects [17]. Dynapenia represents a dramatic and inevitable decline in skeletal muscle function, which inevitably poses challenges for implementing a physical activity program to benefit the quality of life in the elderly. It is thought that complex degeneration of the neuromuscular system contributes to dynapenia [18][19][20][21][22].It has been proposed that age-associated changes occur in both the nervous system and the muscular system, leading to an overall loss in muscular strength [23]. In humans, a significant decrease in the number of motor units and muscle strength is observed with aging [24]. Studies using rodent models of aging show extensive alteration in NMJ morphology. Findings from the BaliceGordon lab demonstrated significant instability in the NMJ of aged rats using a longitudinal visualization technique for monitoring the NMJ in vivo [25]. Examination of 12-to 20-month-old rats demonstrated a progressive loss of synaptic areas and fragmentation of muscle endplates, leading to significant losses in pre-and post-synaptic structures over time [26]. Subsequent studies in mice have shown similar NMJ denervation with aging [27][28][29].

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Aging and Exercise

Cited by 52 publications

References 54 publications

Effect of resistance training on neuromuscular junctions of young and aged muscles featuring different recruitment patterns

Effect of resistance training on neuromuscular junctions of young and aged muscles featuring different recruitment patterns

The effects of pre-habilitative conditioning on unloading-induced adaptations in young and aged neuromuscular systems

Mechanisms of Muscle Denervation in Aging: Insights from a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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