Aging and distraction by highly familiar stimuli during visual search.

Madden, David J.

doi:10.1037/0012-1649.19.4.499

Cited by 88 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similar increased distractor interference during selective attention tasks has also been reported in older adults (Comalli, Wapner, & Werner, 1962;Madden, 1983). Such observations in attention, and other tasks such as free recall from memory (Fuld, Katzman, Davies, & Terry, 1982), have led to the hypothesis that older adults are also less able to inhibit intrusive external stimuli and internal thoughts (Hasher & Zacks, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

Less attentional selectivity as a result of declining inhibition in older adults

Tipper

1991

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

202

169

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mentioning

confidence: 75%

Less attentional selectivity as a result of declining inhibition in older adults

Tipper

1991

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

202

169

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“…Weakened inhibitory control allows distraction to impede the speeded performance of older adults in other settings, including well-practiced skills such as reading (e.g., Carlson, Hasher, Connelly, & Zacks, 1995;Duchek, Balota, & Thessing, 1998;Dywan & Murphy, 1996;Madden, 1983;Rabbitt, 1965).…”

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confidence: 99%

Distraction as a determinant of processing speed

Lustig

Hasher

Tonev

2006

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

111

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Processing speed is often described as a fundamental resource determining individual (e.g., I.Q.) and group (e.g., developmental) differences in cognition. However, most tests that measure speed present many items on a single page. Because many groups with slowed responding are also distractible, we compared younger and older adults on high-(i.e., standard) versus low-distraction versions of two classic speed tasks. Reducing distraction improved the performance of older adults while having little or no effect on younger adults, suggesting that the ability to limit attentional access to taskrelevant information can affect performance on tests designed to measure processing speed. Distraction and Processing SpeedThe idea that "faster is better" is powerful in cars, computing, and cognitive psychology. Group differences, especially age differences, are often ascribed to the better-performing group's faster processing. We report two studies that assessed the contribution of an attentionalperceptual variable, visual distraction, in determining age differences in classic speed tasks.Many standard speed tests use items that are individually simple, but fit many such items onto a single page, resulting in a cluttered, potentially distracting display. Many groups thought to have deficits in processing speed also have difficulties regulating attention, and thus might be especially vulnerable to distraction. These groups include children, older adults, poor readers, and young adults who score less well on intelligence tests (e.g.,

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“…36 " 37 It is uncertain if this occurs due to difficulty in ignoring irrelevant information, discriminating relevant from irrelevant information, or in attending to the relevant information. [38][39] The elderly may be more rigid and may experience difficulty in overriding previously learned tasks and may tend to perseverate. 23 -30 -40 -42 If attention is drawn to displayed elements, the elderly have difficulty ignoring the information.…”

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confidence: 99%

Traumatic Brain Injury, Aging and Reaction Time

Stuss

Stethem

Picton

et al. 1989

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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ABSTRACT:The effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and aging were compared on tests of simple and complex reaction time (RT). Simple RT was not significantly affected by aging or TBI. TBI patients, however, tended to be slower on Simple RT tasks, and had a larger standard deviation. Individuals over age 60 and patients of any age with TBI demonstrated slower RT with choice RT tests. In addition, both groups (those over 60 and TBI patients) were less able than other groups to inhibit the processing of redundant information. For the TBI patients, this occurred primarily on reassessment. These results suggest that the deficit in both aging and TBI is not only a generalized neuronal slowing but a more specific impairment in attentional control processes, exhibited as a deficit in focused attention. RESUME: Lesion cerebrate traumatique, vieillissement et temps de reaction Nous avons compare les effets de lesions cerfibrales traumatiques (LCT) et du vieillissement par des epreuves du temps de reaction (TR) simple et complexe. Le TR simple n'etait pas affecte de facon significative par le vieillissement ou par une LCT. Cependant, les patients avec LCT avaient tendance a etre plus lents dans les epreuves de TR simple et avaient un ecart type plus considerable. Les individus au-dessus de 60 ans ainsi que les patients de tous ages avec LCT manifestaient un TR plus lent dans certaines epreuves TR. De plus, les deux groupes (les individus de plus de 60 ans et les patients) etaient moins aptes que les autres groupes a inhiber le traitement d'informations redondantes. Dans le cas des patients avec LCT, ceci survenait surtout lors de la devaluation. Ces resultats suggerent que le deficit dans le vieillissement et la LCT n'est pas seulement un ralentissement neuronal generalise, mais aussi une alteration plus specifique du processus de controle de I'attention, manifeste par un deficit de l'attention focalisee.Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1989; 16:161-167 Aging and traumatic brain injury (TBI) appear to have some similar effects on complex information processing. With advancing age there is a behavioral slowing, the degree of slowing being a function of task complexity.1 " 3 TBI also causes slowing of reaction time (RT).4 " 6 The slowing varies with task complexity and complex choice RT best reflects the severity of TBI 7 -". Gronwall, 12 describing the performance of patients with mild head injury, suggested that "these difficulties are similar to those a 65-year man would have if suddenly confronted with the work schedule he had coped with at 25" (p. 372).There appear to be at least broad similarities between aging and TBI in their effect on the brain. Severe TBI results in widespread brain damage;13 -14 aging also causes diffuse loss of neurons.15 -16 Both aging and TBI may cause focal frontal lobe dysfunction. The frontal lobes are particularly sensitive to damage by the inertial effects of TBI.1317 " 20 Neuropsychological tests 21 " 23 and blood flow studies 24 both suggest frontal lobe dysfunction with increasing age, althoug...

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Aging and distraction by highly familiar stimuli during visual search.

Cited by 88 publications

References 20 publications

Less attentional selectivity as a result of declining inhibition in older adults

Less attentional selectivity as a result of declining inhibition in older adults

Distraction as a determinant of processing speed

Traumatic Brain Injury, Aging and Reaction Time

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