Aging and Cancer: The Waning of Community Bonds

Laconi, Ezio; Cheri, Samuele; Fanti, Maura; Marongiu, Fabio

doi:10.3390/cells10092269

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…reported that secondary cancer was more frequent in patients who were older ( 12 ). On the one hand, with body aging, there are more carcinogenic factors and the potential for abnormal cell accumulation; this may increase the risk of secondary cancer ( 13 ). On the other hand, immunosenescence can result in faulty immune processes which provide opportunities for tumor escape ( 14 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk and latency evaluation of secondary primary malignancies of cervical cancer patients who received radiotherapy: A study based on the SEER database

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesTo study the risk factors for the onset of secondary primary malignancies (SPM) and the latency between SPM and cervical cancer after radiotherapy.MethodsWe selected patients with cervical cancer who underwent radiotherapy between 2000 and 2019 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. And the data of patients with cervical cancer who underwent radiotherapy in Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital during January 1,1997 to December 31,2016 were collected and analyzed. The factors associated with SPM onset and latency were then estimated by nomograms based on logistic regression and a complete risk model. Dynamic risk plots were performed by Poisson regression.ResultsA total of 32,313 cases of cervical cancer who underwent radiotherapy were downloaded from the SEER database; of these, 19,439 cases had a complete dataset and were included in the final analysis. In total, 561 cases suffered from SPM; the remaining 18,878 did not. And a total of 1486 cases of cervical cancer who underwent radiotherapy from Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital were analyzed, 27 cases caught SPM and the rest of 1459 cases did not. Patients with SPM were older than those without SPM(p=0.000); significant associations were also identified between SPM and white race(p=0.000), localized stage (p=0.000), squamous carcinoma (SCC)(p=0.003), surgery(p=0.000), and combination radiotherapy (p=0.026). A logistic regression nomogram showed that older age (HR:1.015, 95%CI:1.009-1.021, p=0.000), localized stage (HR:4.056, 95%CI: 2.625-6.269, p=0.000) and regional stage (HR: 3.181, 95%CI:2.094-4.834, p=0.000), white (HR: 1.722, 95%CI:1.145-2.590, p=0.000) and black race (HR: 1.889, 95%CI:1.327-2.689, p=0.000), and the receipt of surgery (HR: 1.381, 95%CI:1.151-1.657, p=0.000) were all independent risk factors for the onset of SPM. The largest proportion of cases involved SPM in the female reproductive system. A dynamic risk plot showed that age, race, stage, and surgery had impacts on the latency of SPM onset. A competing risk regression analysis nomogram showed that age (HR: 1.564, 95%CI: 1.272-1.920, p=0.000), surgery (HR: 1.415, 95%CI: 1.140-1.760, p=0.002), localized stage (HR: 8.035, 95%CI: 4.502-14.340, p=0.000) and regional stage (HR: 4.904, 95%CI: 2.790-8.620, p=0.000), and black race (HR: 1.786, 95%CI: 1.161-2.750, p=0.008) all had significant impacts on the cumulative incidence and latency of SPM.ConclusionsAdvanced age, the receipt of surgery, earlier stages, and white and black race were identified as risk factors for SPM onset and influenced latency in patients with cervical cancer after radiotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk and latency evaluation of secondary primary malignancies of cervical cancer patients who received radiotherapy: A study based on the SEER database

et al. 2023

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“…Aging is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, cancer incidence, and mortality ( Guerville et al, 2022 ), a physiological process mediated by numerous biological and genetic pathways, which are a driving force for all age-related diseases ( Li et al, 2021 ). Cancer often arises in the context of an altered tissue microenvironment landscape ( Laconi et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding human aging and the fundamental cell signaling link in age-related diseases: the middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis

Phua

2023

Front. Aging

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Aging-related hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation pathophysiology are closely associated with human age-related carcinogenesis and chronic diseases. However, the connection between hypoxia and hormonal cell signaling pathways is unclear, but such human age-related comorbid diseases do coincide with the middle-aging period of declining sex hormonal signaling. This scoping review evaluates the relevant interdisciplinary evidence to assess the systems biology of function, regulation, and homeostasis in order to discern and decipher the etiology of the connection between hypoxia and hormonal signaling in human age-related comorbid diseases. The hypothesis charts the accumulating evidence to support the development of a hypoxic milieu and oxidative stress-inflammation pathophysiology in middle-aged individuals, as well as the induction of amyloidosis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in aging-related degeneration. Taken together, this new approach and strategy can provide the clarity of concepts and patterns to determine the causes of declining vascularity hemodynamics (blood flow) and physiological oxygenation perfusion (oxygen bioavailability) in relation to oxygen homeostasis and vascularity that cause hypoxia (hypovascularity hypoxia). The middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis could provide the mechanistic interface connecting the endocrine, nitric oxide, and oxygen homeostasis signaling that is closely linked to the progressive conditions of degenerative hypertrophy, atrophy, fibrosis, and neoplasm. An in-depth understanding of these intrinsic biological processes of the developing middle-aged hypoxia could provide potential new strategies for time-dependent therapies in maintaining healthspan for healthy lifestyle aging, medical cost savings, and health system sustainability.

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“…Meanwhile, several reports have consistently suggested a mechanistic link between the aging microenvironment and neoplastic disease progress in several tissues, including the skin [ 365 ]. Aging-related fibrosis and the resulting increase in tissue stiffness have also been suggested to fuel carcinogenesis [ 366 , 367 ], possibly via alterations in the mechanical force balance between ECM, cell, and cytoskeleton [ 368 ]. The microenvironment surrounding benign nevi and melanomas displays greater stiffness than healthy skin, suggesting that physical assets of the tissue impact melanoma onset or progression [ 369 ].…”

Section: Contribution Of Ros In Common Age-related Skin Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on the Contribution of Oxidative Stress in Skin Aging

et al. 2022

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Skin aging is one of the most evident signs of human aging. Modification of the skin during the life span is characterized by fine lines and wrinkling, loss of elasticity and volume, laxity, rough-textured appearance, and pallor. In contrast, photoaged skin is associated with uneven pigmentation (age spot) and is markedly wrinkled. At the cellular and molecular level, it consists of multiple interconnected processes based on biochemical reactions, genetic programs, and occurrence of external stimulation. The principal cellular perturbation in the skin driving senescence is the alteration of oxidative balance. In chronological aging, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced mainly through cellular oxidative metabolism during adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation from glucose and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas in extrinsic aging, loss of redox equilibrium is caused by environmental factors, such as ultraviolet radiation, pollution, cigarette smoking, and inadequate nutrition. During the aging process, oxidative stress is attributed to both augmented ROS production and reduced levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic protectors. Apart from the evident appearance of structural change, throughout aging, the skin gradually loses its natural functional characteristics and regenerative potential. With aging, the skin immune system also undergoes functional senescence manifested as a reduced ability to counteract infections and augmented frequency of autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. This review proposes an update on the role of oxidative stress in the appearance of the clinical manifestation of skin aging, as well as of the molecular mechanisms that underline this natural phenomenon sometimes accelerated by external factors.

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Aging and Cancer: The Waning of Community Bonds

Cited by 10 publications

References 117 publications

The risk and latency evaluation of secondary primary malignancies of cervical cancer patients who received radiotherapy: A study based on the SEER database

The risk and latency evaluation of secondary primary malignancies of cervical cancer patients who received radiotherapy: A study based on the SEER database

Understanding human aging and the fundamental cell signaling link in age-related diseases: the middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis

Focus on the Contribution of Oxidative Stress in Skin Aging

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