Aging and binding in short-term memory: processes involved in conjunctive and relational binding

Bastin, Christine; Besson, Gabriel

doi:10.1080/09658211.2021.1873390

“…Yet, since the evaluated binding process was an intra-term association (i.e., conjunctive binding), we could not be assured that the same results would be reached for an inter-term association (i.e., relational binding). 30 This issue becomes more interesting when we realize that the relational binding function is mainly centered on the hippocampus, [30][31][32] the structure we presumed was responsible for the observed dissociation in the MGL paradigm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanistic Insight into Sources of Error of Visual Working Memory in Multiple Sclerosis

Motahharynia

¹

,

Pourmohammadi

²

,

Adibi

³

et al. 2023

Preprint

0

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Working memory (WM) is one of the most affected cognitive domains in multiple sclerosis (MS), which is mainly studied by the previously established binary model for information storage (slot model). Recent observations based on the continuous reproduction paradigms showed that assuming dynamic allocation of WM resources (resource model) instead of the binary hypothesis will give more accurate predictions in WM assessment. However, they have not been employed in the field of MS despite their influence in uncovering novel mechanistic insights into the WM organization. Here, by utilizing two continuous reproduction paradigms, we investigated WM dysfunction in MS. Also, by applying a computational model, the underlying structure of WM dysfunction was further explored. A total of 121 patients with MS (61 relapsing-remitting and 60 secondary progressive) and 73 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The precision of visual WM was measured using memory-guided localization (MGL) and n-back paradigms. The classifying performance of these paradigms in distinguishing different groups was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Moreover, the sources of error in information recall were evaluated by computational modeling on n-back results. Our findings determined an overall decrease in recall precision and increased recall variability in MS. While the classifying performance of MGL was better in distinguishing MS subtypes, n-back paradigms were more accurate in discriminating healthy control from relapsing-remitting MS. The applied model showed that decreased signal-to-noise ratio and misbinding error were responsible for WM deficits in these patients. In conclusion, our results determined the magnitude of WM deficit and demonstrated misbinding error as an important component of WM dysfunction in MS. The dissociable functions of these paradigms in classifying MS subtypes provided evidence about the underlying mechanisms of WM deficits in progressive states of the disease.

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Targeting the function of the transentorhinal cortex to identify early cognitive markers of Alzheimer’s disease

Bastin

¹

,

Delhaye

²

2023

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Initial neuropathology of early Alzheimer's disease accumulates in the transentorhinal cortex.We review empirical data suggesting that tasks that assess cognitive functions supported by the transenthorinal cortex are impaired as early as the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease. These tasks span across various domains, including episodic memory, semantic memory, language, and perception. We propose that all tasks sensitive to Alzheimer-related transentorhinal neuropathology commonly rely on representations of entities supporting the processing and discrimination of items having perceptually and conceptually overlapping features. In the future, we suggest that a screening tool that is sensitive and specific to very early Alzheimer's disease should probe memory and perceptual discrimination of highly similar entities.

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A Mechanistic Insight into Sources of Error of Visual Working Memory in Multiple Sclerosis

Motahharynia

¹

,

Pourmohammadi

²

,

Adibi

³

et al. 2023

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Working memory (WM) is one of the most affected cognitive domains in multiple sclerosis (MS), which is mainly studied by the previously established binary model for information storage (slot model). Recent observations based on the continuous reproduction paradigms showed that assuming dynamic allocation of WM resources (resource model) instead of the binary hypothesis will give more accurate predictions in WM assessment. However, they have not been employed in the field of MS despite their influence in uncovering novel mechanistic insights into the WM organization. Here, by utilizing two continuous reproduction paradigms, we investigated WM dysfunction in MS. Also, by applying a computational model, the underlying structure of WM dysfunction was further explored. A total of 121 patients with MS (61 relapsing-remitting and 60 secondary progressive) and 73 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The precision of visual WM was measured using memory-guided localization (MGL) and n-back paradigms. The classifying performance of these paradigms in distinguishing different groups was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Moreover, the sources of error in information recall were evaluated by computational modeling on n-back results. Our findings determined an overall decrease in recall precision and increased recall variability in MS. While the classifying performance of MGL was better in distinguishing MS subtypes, n-back paradigms were more accurate in discriminating healthy control from relapsing-remitting MS. The applied model showed that decreased signal-to-noise ratio and misbinding error were responsible for WM deficits in these patients. In conclusion, our results determined the magnitude of WM deficit and demonstrated misbinding error as an important component of WM dysfunction in MS. The dissociable functions of these paradigms in classifying MS subtypes provided evidence about the underlying mechanisms of WM deficits in progressive states of the disease.

show abstract

Aging and binding in short-term memory: processes involved in conjunctive and relational binding

Cited by 3 publications

References 80 publications

A Mechanistic Insight into Sources of Error of Visual Working Memory in Multiple Sclerosis

A Mechanistic Insight into Sources of Error of Visual Working Memory in Multiple Sclerosis

Targeting the function of the transentorhinal cortex to identify early cognitive markers of Alzheimer’s disease

A Mechanistic Insight into Sources of Error of Visual Working Memory in Multiple Sclerosis

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