“…These studies have found that one animal will rapidly (within 1e2 days) and reliably become the alpha dominant male and that subdominant males occasionally are also discernible (Mondrag on, Mayagoitia, L opez- Luj an, & Diaz, 1987;Poshivalov, 1980;Rodriguiz, Chu, Caron, & Wetsel, 2004;Ulrich, 1938). Studies of larger groups have also shown that dominant and subdominant alpha males will emerge if mice are given more space to establish relationships (Ely & Henry, 1978;Lewejohann et al, 2009;Poole & Morgan, 1975;Poshivalov, 1980;Weissbrod et al, 2013). Indeed, from our location data and behavioural observations, dominant alpha males typically appeared to patrol the top half of the vivarium, forming a territory surrounding the location of food.…”