Aggressive behavior of pigeons: Suppression by archistriatal lesions

Ramírez, J. Martín; Delius, Juan D.

doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1979)5:1<3::aid-ab2480050103>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, when rats with bilateral lesions in the area of the amygdala were compared to controls by testing their coexistence with strange male intruders, no difference between both of the groups were found, while in the presence of-a predator -a cat-, the injured group of rats showed a substantial reduction of their defensive behavior, that is, freezing. Similar results were shown by us in pigeons after specific lesions in their archistriatum, a homologous in birds of the mammal amygdala (Ramirez & Delius, 1978, 1979a. According to Blanchard & Blanchard, (1984), the two above mentioned emotions -fear and anger-are the emotional concomitants of defense and offense respectively and they are present also in human behavior.…”

Section: Emotional Processingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Aggression and brain asymmetries: A theoretical review

Rohlfs

Ramírez

2006

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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The relationship between aggression and brain asymmetries has not been studied enough. The association between both concepts can be approached from two different perspectives. One perspective points to brain asymmetries underlying the emotion of anger and consequently aggression in normal people. Another one is concerned with the existence of brain asymmetries in aggressive people (e.g., in the case of suicides or psychopathies). Research on emotional processing points out the confusion between emotional valence (positive-negative) and motivational direction (approach-withdrawal). Because of this, it is not clear whether the frontal asymmetry reflects the valence of the emotion, the direction of the motivation, or a combination of valence and motivation. Appetitive motivations are not always associated with positive affects. Anger (a negative emotion) has been associated with approach motivation and with aggression. Relative left-prefrontal activity is associated with state anger and with aggression. This information would lead to the conclusion that the more violent a culture, the higher the relative proportion of the right-handers. On the other side, there is an exaggerated structural asymmetry in the anterior hippocampus (R>L) in unsuccessful psychopaths. In suicidal persons, the functional insufficiency of the right hemisphere produces a compensatory shift to left hemisphere information processing, showing a reversed asymmetry of typical traits for suicidal people. These findings suggest, therefore, the existence of a certain correlation between brain asymmetries and human aggression.

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Section: Emotional Processingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Aggression and brain asymmetries: A theoretical review

Rohlfs

Ramírez

2006

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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“…These elements, however, were not assessed in the interobserver reliability check. The results of both the hand and the stick test are reported because the spectrum of responses seen in the two tests differed somewhat as discussed in some detail elsewhere [9].…”

Section: Behaviormentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Fear Lesions Nucleus striae terminalis Pigeon THE mammalian amygdala and its avian homologue, the archistriatum, have convincingly been shown to play an important role in the control of agonistic behavior, even if the precise nature of this role still needs to be further elucidated (for reviews see [9,19]). Situated as it is at a high level of the neuraxis the amygdala/archistriatum must exert its influence through its efferent pathways, the most important being the stria terminalis.…”

Section: Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 4 also displays the summary results of two further groups from an earlier study [9] involving lesions of the archistriatum and the overlying neostriatum caudale. As can be seen, the archistriatally lesioned pigeons yielded behavior changes similar to those seen in the nucleus striae terminalis lesioned ones whereas the neostriatals did not show any effect, being statistically indistinguishable from sham-operated animals.…”

Section: Nucleus Striae Terminolismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This supports the contention that the avian bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is closely involved in the control of agonistic behavior. The relation that the somewhat artificial stimulation bears to the situations normally eliciting agonistic responses in pigeons has been discussed elsewhere [9]. Even though electrical stimulation of the bed nucleus elicits aggressive behavior in mammals, lesions of the same area do not appear to yield a clearcut suppression of aggression 119].…”

Section: Nucleus Striae Terminolismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nucleus striae terminalis lesions affect agonistic behavior of pigeons

Delius

1979

Physiology & Behavior

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MARTIN RAMIREZ, J. AND J. D. DELIUS. Nucleus striae terminalis lesions affect agonistic behavior in pigeons. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 22(5) [871][872][873][874][875] 1979.--Bilateral lesions of the nucleus striae terminalis suppressed the aggressive behavior shown by selected pigeons in response to a stick or the experimenter's hand being introduced into their home cage. Sham-operated animals did not show such an effect. Larger, accurately placed lesions led to an immediate suppression, smaller, less precisely placed lesions to a delayed effect. The suppression of aggression was accompanied by an increase in avoidance responses. The results are discussed in relation to suspected endocrinal activity of the nucleus striae terminalis and to the function this structure has in mammals. AggressionFear Lesions Nucleus striae terminalis Pigeon THE mammalian amygdala and its avian homologue, the archistriatum, have convincingly been shown to play an important role in the control of agonistic behavior, even if the precise nature of this role still needs to be further elucidated (for reviews see [9,19]). Situated as it is at a high level of the neuraxis the amygdala/archistriatum must exert its influence through its efferent pathways, the most important being the stria terminalis. For mammals there is evidence that the nuclear masses on which this pathway terminates are similarly involved in steering aggressive and fear responses even though there is still much uncertainty about how the stria terminalis influences their functioning. For birds the information available on this issue is still fragmentary but the pattern may grossly conform with that found in mammals. The present study focuses on the septal termination of the stria terminalis in the pigeon. In a previous investigation one of us [2] had found that electrical stimulation of the nucleus striae terminalis and its neighbourhood in awake, unrestrained gulls (Larus argentatus and fuscus) yielded threat behavior, sometimes accompanied by an increased tendency to respond aggressively to external stimuli for some fifteen minutes after the stimulation ended [7]. Histological peculiarities of the area in question, including an associated ependymal differentiation, suggested that the nucleus striae terminalis may be secreting into the lateral ventricle. Neurosecretory granules were later preliminarily verified in resorcin-fuchsin stained pigeon material. This led to the speculation that the release of a presumptive liquormone might have been responsible for the mood aftereffect [3]. We now simply began by examining the effect that lesions of the nucleus striae terminalis might have on the agonistic behavior of pigeons. METHODAdult homing pigeons of unknown sex were bought from local dealers. All had previous free-ranging experience. In the laboratory they were kept in standard 50x40x30 cm cages. Blinds between the cages reduced the visual contact among the animals. They were exposed to a 12 hr artificial light-12 hr dark cycle and to a nearly constant temperature of 18°C and had...

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Organization and efferent connections of the archistriatum of the mallard,Anas platyrhynchos L.: An anterograde and retrograde tracing study

1997

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The intratelencephalic and descending connections of the archistriatum of the mallard were studied using anterograde and retrograde tracers. Autoradiography after injections of [ 3 H]-leucine served to visualize the intratelencephalic and extratelencephalic efferent connections of the archistriatum. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), HRP-wheatgerm agglutinin, and fluorescent tracers were used to identify the precise origin of the projections to the various terminal fields found in the anterograde experiments. Four main regions can be recognized in the archistriatum of the mallard: (1) the rostral or anterior part that is a source of contralateral intratelencephalic projections, in particular to the contralateral archistriatum; (2) the dorsal intermediate archistriatum that is the origin of a large descending fiber system, the occipitomesencephalic tract, with projections to dorsal thalamic nuclei, the medial spiriform nucleus, the intercollicular nucleus, the deep tectum, parts of the mesencephalic and bulbar reticular formation, and the subnuclei of the descending trigeminal tract. There are no direct projections to motor nuclei. This part corresponds to the somatic sensorimotor part as defined by Zeier and Karten (1971, Brain Res. 31:313-326); it also contributes to the ipsilateral intratelencephalic connections and, to a lesser degree, to contralateral intratelencephalic connections. (3) The ventral intermediate archistriatum is another region that is also a source of intratelencephalic projections, in particular of those to the lobus parolfactorius. The most lateral zone sends fibers to the septal area. (4) The caudoventral intermediate and posterior archistriatum is another region that is a source of the projections to the hypothalamus and thus corresponds to the amygdaloid part of the archistriatum as defined by Zeier and Karten; it also contributes a modest component to the occipitomesencephalic tract. The different cell populations are not spatially separated, which makes it impossible to recognize distinct subnuclei within the four main regions of the archistriatum of the mallard.

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Aggressive behavior of pigeons: Suppression by archistriatal lesions

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Aggression and brain asymmetries: A theoretical review

Aggression and brain asymmetries: A theoretical review

Nucleus striae terminalis lesions affect agonistic behavior of pigeons

Organization and efferent connections of the archistriatum of the mallard,Anas platyrhynchos L.: An anterograde and retrograde tracing study

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