Aggressive Behavior and Social Stress

Boer, Sietse de

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800951-2.00036-4

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Agonistic experience, and in particular social defeat, is becoming recognised as a major factor that induces symptoms of severe depression and shapes consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour (animal personality) in numerous animal groups [1,2]. In this paper we analysed the consequences of pre-adult (nymphal) agonistic experiences in crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus, which have become a model system for investigating the neurochemical control of aggression [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiencing aggression, particularly social subjugation (social defeat stress), is recognised as a major factor inducing depression and depression-like symptoms in humans and animals [1] Accumulating evidence also points to links between aggression and consistent inter-individual behavioural differences, that had been described in many vertebrates and invertebrates, and is generally referred to as animal personality [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-adult aggression and its long-term behavioural consequences in crickets

Balsam

Stevenson

2020

PLoS ONE

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Social experience, particularly aggression, is considered a major determinant of consistent inter-individual behavioural differences between animals of the same species and sex. We investigated the influence of pre-adult aggressive experience on future behaviour in male, last instar nymphs of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. We found that aggressive interactions between male nymphs are far less fierce than for adults in terms of duration and escalation. This appears to reflect immaturity of the sensory apparatus for releasing aggression, rather than the motor system controlling it. First, a comparison of the behavioural responses of nymphs and adults to mechanical antennal stimulation using freshly excised, untreated and hexane-washed antennae taken from nymphs and adults, indicate that nymphs neither respond to nor produce sex-specific cuticular semiochemicals important for releasing aggressive behaviour in adults. Second, treatment with the octopamine agonist chlordimeform could at least partially compensate for this deficit. In further contrast to adults, which become hyper-aggressive after victory, but submissive after defeat, such winner and loser effects are not apparent in nymphs. Aggressive competition between nymphs thus appears to have no consequence for future behaviour in crickets. Male nymphs are often attacked by adult males, but not by adult females. Furthermore, observations of nymphs raised in the presence, or absence of adult males, revealed that social subjugation by adult males leads to reduced aggressiveness and depressed exploratory behaviour when the nymphs become adult. We conclude that social subjugation by adults during pre-adult development of nymphs is a major determinant of consistent inter-individual behavioural differences in adult crickets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-adult aggression and its long-term behavioural consequences in crickets

Balsam

Stevenson

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Aggression toward a conspecific is a widespread behavioral strategy in the Animal Kingdom adapted to secure resources and ensure survival at minimal cost (Stevenson, 2018 ). In addition to the physical dangers, losing a conflict (social defeat) can have enduring adverse behavioral costs, including suppressed aggressiveness (De Boer et al, 2016 ) often coupled with general depression like symptoms, particularly after chronic social defeat (rodents Hammels et al, 2015 ; Koolhaas et al, 2017 ; fish: Backstrom and Winberg, 2017 ; insects: Rose et al, 2017 ; Trannoy and Kravitz, 2017 ; crayfish: Bacque-Cazenave et al, 2017 ). Social defeat is thus currently viewed as a model for gaining insights into depression in humans (Laman-Maharg and Trainor, 2017 ), improved animal welfare (Toyoda, 2017 ) and behavioral syndromes underlying animal “personality” (Briffa et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proximate mechanisms underlying defeat associated depression are not fully understood. Aggressive experience modifies numerous neurotransmitter systems (De Boer et al, 2016 ), and drugs that influence them have manifold effects on aggression (Trainor et al, 2017 ). Among them, serotonin (5HT) has a complex relationship to aggression that depends on age, sex and social status, which reflects the intricacy of the 5HT system with its many receptor subtypes and widespread innervation (Carhart-Harris and Nutt, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, serotonin (5HT) has a complex relationship to aggression that depends on age, sex and social status, which reflects the intricacy of the 5HT system with its many receptor subtypes and widespread innervation (Carhart-Harris and Nutt, 2017 ). Generally, however, 5HT precursors, re-uptake inhibitors and 5HT receptor agonists typically reduce overt aggression in vertebrates including man (De Boer et al, 2016 ; Carhart-Harris and Nutt, 2017 ; Trainor et al, 2017 ). Serotonin is thus thought to dampen aggression by promoting withdrawal or terminating aggression (Olivier, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serotonin Mediates Depression of Aggression After Acute and Chronic Social Defeat Stress in a Model Insect

Rillich

Stevenson

2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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In all animals, losers of a conflict against a conspecific exhibit reduced aggressiveness, often coupled with depression-like symptoms, particularly after multiple defeats. While serotonin (5HT) is involved, discovering its natural role in aggression and depression has proven elusive. We show how 5HT influences aggression in male crickets, before, and after single and multiple defeats using serotonergic drugs, at dosages that had no obvious deleterious effect on general motility: the 5HT synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyltryptophan (AMTP), the 5HT2 receptor blocker ketanserin, methiothepin which blocks 5HT receptor subtypes other than 5HT2, 5HT's precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) and re-uptake inhibitor fluoxetine. Contrasting reports for other invertebrates, none of the drugs influenced aggression at the first encounter. However, the recovery of aggression after single defeat, which normally requires 3 h in crickets, was severely affected. Losers that received ketanserin or AMTP regained their aggressiveness sooner, whereas those that received fluoxetine, 5HTP, or methiothepin failed to recover within 3 h. Furthermore, compared to controls, which show long term aggressive depression 24 h after 6 defeats at 1 h intervals, crickets that received AMTP or ketanserin regained their full aggressiveness and were thus more resilient to chronic defeat stress. In contrast, 5HTP and fluoxetine treated crickets showed long term aggressive depression 24 h after only 2 defeats, and were thus more susceptible to defeat stress. We conclude that 5HT acts after social defeat via a 5HT2 like receptor to maintain depressed aggressiveness after defeat, and to promote the susceptibility to and establishment of long-term depression after chronic social defeat. It is known that the decision to flee and establishment of loser depression in crickets is controlled by nitric oxide (NO), whereas dopamine (DA), but not octopamine (OA) is necessary for recovery after defeat. Here we show that blocking NO synthesis, just like ketanserin, affords resilience to multiple defeat stress, whereas blocking DA receptors, but not OA receptors, increases susceptibility, just like fluoxetine. We discuss the possible interplay between 5HT, NO, DA, and OA in controlling aggression after defeat, as well as similarities and differences to findings in mammals and other invertebrate model systems.

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The role of social isolation stress in escalated aggression in rodent models

Takahashi

2022

Neuroscience Research

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Aggressive Behavior and Social Stress

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Pre-adult aggression and its long-term behavioural consequences in crickets

Pre-adult aggression and its long-term behavioural consequences in crickets

Serotonin Mediates Depression of Aggression After Acute and Chronic Social Defeat Stress in a Model Insect

The role of social isolation stress in escalated aggression in rodent models

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