Aggression, dominance, and affiliation: Their relationships with androgen levels and intelligence in 5-year-old children

Azurmendi, Aitziber; Braza, Francisco; García, Ainhoa; Braza, Paloma; Múñoz, José Manuel; Sánchez-Martín, José R.

doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.02.004

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The association between testosterone and general intelligence is, however, not clear. Epidemiological studies have brought indices for an association between testosterone and intelligence in all age groups [15], [16], [17], [18]. Our own research on prepubertal boys indicated that the levels of salivary testosterone are lower in intellectually gifted than in the control prepubertal population [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Testosterone Metabolism in Intellectually Gifted Boys

et al. 2013

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Prepubertal testosterone levels are lower in intellectually gifted boys. The aim of this pilot study was to analyze potential genetic factors related to testosterone metabolism in control and gifted boys. Intellectually gifted (IQ>130; n = 95) and control (n = 67) boys were genotyped. Polymorphisms of interests were chosen in genes including androgen and estrogen receptors, 5-alpha reductase, aromatase and sex hormone binding globulin. Significant differences between control and gifted boys in genotype distributions were found for ESR2 (rs928554) and SHBG (rs1799941). A significantly lower number of CAG repeats in the AR gene were found in gifted boys. Our results support the role of genetic factors related to testosterone metabolism in intellectual giftedness. Increased androgen signaling might explain previous results of lower testosterone levels in intellectually gifted boys and add to the understanding of variability in cognitive abilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Testosterone Metabolism in Intellectually Gifted Boys

et al. 2013

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“…Testosterone promotes male competitiveness and aggressive behavior, both in humans and other animals (see Mehta and Beer 2010 for review), and high testosterone is associated with aggression (Harris 1996; Azurmendi et al 2006; Mehta and Beer 2010) and violent crime (Mazur and Booth 1998; Christiansen 2001; Booth et al 2006). While situational variables appear to mediate the testosterone-aggression link, there nevertheless appears to be a reliable relationship between testosterone and probability of aggressive behavior in a given environment (Archer 2006, 2009).…”

Section: Masculinity May Be a Cue Of Capability To Compete Intrasexuallymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do men’s faces really signal heritable immunocompetence?

et al. 2012

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In the literature on human mate choice, masculine facial morphology is often proposed to be an intersexual signal of heritable immunocompetence, and hence an important component of men’s attractiveness. This hypothesis has received considerable research attention, and is increasingly treated as plausible and well supported. In this article, we propose that the strength of the evidence for the immunocompetence hypothesis is somewhat overstated, and that a number of difficulties have been under-acknowledged. Such difficulties include (1) the tentative nature of the evidence regarding masculinity and disease in humans, (2) the complex and uncertain picture emerging from the animal literature on sexual ornaments and immunity, (3) the absence of consistent, cross-cultural support for the predictions of the immunocompetence hypothesis regarding preferences for masculinized stimuli, and (4) evidence that facial masculinity contributes very little, if anything, to overall attractiveness in real men. Furthermore, alternative explanations for patterns of preferences, in particular the proposal that masculinity is primarily an intrasexual signal, have been neglected. We suggest that immunocompetence perspectives on masculinity, whilst appealing in many ways, should still be regarded as speculative, and that other perspectives–and other traits–should be the subject of greater attention for researchers studying human mate preferences.

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“…The level of perinatal testosterone was also found to be positively related to postnatal behaviors including aggression, tumbling and rough play, and attention deficient hyperactivity disorder (Azurmendi et al, 2006). Thus, one biological basis of difficult infant temperament might be elevated levels of testosterone and cortisol in the perinatal period.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Perinatal Testosterone on Infant Health, Mother–Infant Interactions, and Infant Development

Cho

Holditch‐Davis

2013

Biological Research For Nursing

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Objective: Many researchers and health care providers have noticed male vulnerability in infant health, mother–infant interactions, and some infant cognitive development, especially among very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. However, factors beyond gender that could explain these observed differences have not been clear. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the subject and to introduce a conceptual framework relating these factors. Discussion: According to gender-difference theories, prenatal exposure to high levels of testosterone may influence infant health and mother–infant interactions by negatively affecting infant cognitive/motor/language development. We constructed a conceptual framework based on the associations among biological (perinatal testosterone), stress-related (perinatal and maternal cortisol), and developmental (infant cognitive/motor/language skills) factors. If research establishes these biological, environmental, and developmental associations in mother–VLBW preterm pairs, the results will highlight the importance of addressing gender differences in nursing research and encourage the development of nursing interventions designed to reduce stress among mothers of VLBW preterm infants, particularly male infants. Conclusion: From a psychobiosocial perspective, combining biophysiological factors such as perinatal testosterone and cortisol with socioenvironmental factors such as the quality of mother–infant interactions and infant temperament may provide a broader view of gender differences in infant health and development.

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Aggression, dominance, and affiliation: Their relationships with androgen levels and intelligence in 5-year-old children

Cited by 31 publications

References 53 publications

Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Testosterone Metabolism in Intellectually Gifted Boys

Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Testosterone Metabolism in Intellectually Gifted Boys

Do men’s faces really signal heritable immunocompetence?

Effects of Perinatal Testosterone on Infant Health, Mother–Infant Interactions, and Infant Development

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