Aggression and violence in sport: Moving beyond the debate

Sacks, David N.; Petscher, Yaacov; Stanley, Christopher; Tenenbaum, Gershon

doi:10.1080/1612197x.2003.9671710

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this case, aggressive behaviour that can undoubtedly manifest itself as bullying and harassment not only becomes the desired behaviour for success but also serves as a means helping to prove the athlete's capability against other team members or allows him to compete for available resources in the team (Passos et al, 2016). Second, athletes practicing a team sport where physical contact is allowed (e.g., football, hockey, rugby) would be most at risk to experience physical violence (Hamilton et al, 2013), and it is often difficult to draw a boundary between sanctioned and unsanctioned violent behaviour (Sacks et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bullying and harassment in youth sport: The case of different types of sport and participant role

Vveinhardt

Fominienė

2020

jhse

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Purpose: Studies on participation of various social groups in sports reveal not only positive but also negative impact of this activity on the person's health, well-being and future. A particularly serious social problem in sport is the aggressive behaviour of all participants, which can also manifest itself as bullying and cause a number of negative consequences. The aim of the research is to identify the prevalence of bullying and harassment in organized sport in the case of individual, combat, team sports and participant roles. Methodology. A supplemented version of Bullying and harassment in sport questionnaire (BHISQ) was used to conduct the survey. The survey involved 1440 participants of organized sport. Findings: Almost one third of research participants in the team sports identified themselves as victims, which is significantly more than the sum of the results of two remaining groups. Comparing the percentages of victims' and bystanders' confessions, it has been found that bullying in individual sports can be significantly more active; i.e., the number of athletes who have seen bullying is significantly higher than the number of athletes who have named themselves as victims. The highest manifestation of bullying unfolds in team sports, where mostalmost one fifth-of respondents attributed the role of the bully against their team member(s) to themselves, while the percentages of bullies against opponents in combat and team sports are similar. In combat and team sports, unlike in the individual sports, the roles of bullies against opponents, unfolding in bullying actions, are more frequently expressed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bullying and harassment in youth sport: The case of different types of sport and participant role

Vveinhardt

Fominienė

2020

jhse

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“…Although it is believed that athletes will subjectively distinguish where aggression can be applied "legally", research states opposite trends. Aggressive behavior acts in sports performance repeat, and other athletes observing them over time also start behaving aggressively [53]. Such legalization of aggression and the lability of assessing morality of behavior hinders the formation of clear rules of ethical/unethical behavior and promotes "broad" interpretations of morality itself, which may vary depending on goals and situations.…”

Section: Figure 1 Matrix Of Nine Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Omerta” in Organized Sport: Bullying and Harassment as Determinants of Threats of Social Sustainability at the Individual Level

2019

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The interpretation of the evolutionary theory prevailing in sport, based on the approach that the strongest survive, varies with the rules inherent in the criminal world, forbidding to "take out" negative information about interrelationships, in this case, outside the team or group. Such traditionally established culture puts pressure on athletes to suffer from bullying and follow the "silence law". In the long run, this turns into a precondition for unsafe environment for athletes, which, due to negative consequences for the individual, can be identified as threats to social sustainability at the individual level. Such a situation is also indirectly approved by the heads and coaches of organizations. The latter, who lack competencies to resolve conflict situations, are left to solve arising problems on their own and do not receive any support from the management of organizations. Therefore, the aim of this research is to reveal the factors determining the specificity, emergence, and development of bullying and harassment in sport as threats to social sustainability at the individual level. The research was conducted using a semi-structured interview method with eight coaches representing team, individual, and duel sport branches. Inductive content analysis served as the basis for the data analysis. Research results disclosed factors determining the specificity of emergence of bullying and harassment in sport and hindering the entrenchment of social sustainability in sport at the individual level. The results revealed the euphemisms distinguished by coaches, which, in sport, have a positive connotation, such as "combativeness" and "sports anger" instead of the term "aggression". It was identified that coaches named aggressors as "harder players", "confident players", "active persons", "players-torpedoes", "emotional players", and "competitive players". Sports competition is justified in various forms. The emergence of bullying and harassment is grounded on "mastery differences", it is stated that abusive actions are experienced by "physically weak" players, while physical actions used by athletes are called "mischief"; verbal actions are "raillery". In addition, inadequate preparation of Lithuanian coaches to respond to bullying and harassment in their trained teams or groups on time and appropriately was identified. It turned out that sports organizations are not particularly interested in organizing trainings for prevention of destructive interrelations and intervention. Such kind of in-service training is left to the coach's initiative.

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“…Aggression in sport is well researched topic. According to some researchers, aggression is one of the most important problems in sports today (Gee & Potwarka, 2014;Sacks, Petscher, Stanley, & Tenenbaum, 2003). Donahue, Rip, and Vallerand (2009) indicate to the best of their knowledge that the relationship between aggression and passion has not been empirically studied among passionate players.…”

Section: Passion and Sport-related Behavioral Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Relationships between Passion and Attitudes Toward Performance Enhancing Drugs in Canadian Collegiate Sport Contexts

Wilson

Potwarka

2015

Journal of Intercollegiate Sport

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The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between passion and attitudes toward performance enhancing drugs (PEDs). Participants were 587 male and female varsity and coed intramural athletes from four Southern Ontario universities. Athletes completed the passion scale (Vallerand et al., 2003) and the performance enhancement attitudes scale (Petróczi, 2006). Full sample regression analyze revealed that higher scores on obsessive passion items were associated with more permissive attitudes toward PEDs (B =, 26, p < .001), while higher scores on harmonious passion items were associated with less permissive attitudes toward PEDs (B=-.29, p< .001). Moreover, obsessive passion emerged as a significant positive predictor of attitudes toward PEDs in all study contexts (i.e., coed recreational athletes, male/female varsity athletes). Implications for sport administrators, study limitations, and possible avenues for future research are discussed.

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Aggression and violence in sport: Moving beyond the debate

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence of bullying and harassment in youth sport: The case of different types of sport and participant role

Prevalence of bullying and harassment in youth sport: The case of different types of sport and participant role

“Omerta” in Organized Sport: Bullying and Harassment as Determinants of Threats of Social Sustainability at the Individual Level

Exploring Relationships between Passion and Attitudes Toward Performance Enhancing Drugs in Canadian Collegiate Sport Contexts

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