Aggregator Operation in the Balancing Market Through Network-Constrained Transactive Energy

Abstract

The future renewable-based power system will have an increased need for balancing power. Prosumers, having both generation and consumption capabilities, are expected to provide balancing power to the grid, if their flexibility can be appropriately managed. Meanwhile, undesirable line congestions and voltage violations may arise in the distribution network, when flexible resources respond to external control or price signals on a large scale. Hence, the development of an effective framework to coordinate flexibility at the distribution system level is of utmost importance. Such a framework should allow for an optimal provision of prosumer balancing power services within the boundaries of local network security constraints. In this study, a balancing market participation framework is proposed, adopting the concept of network-constrained transactive energy, to facilitate the interactions between the transmission system operator and aggregators who manage prosumer energy profiles. This framework retains user privacy and complies with the current market setup, where flexible energy is traded on the spot and balancing markets; however, it is ensured that the resulting energy profiles do not cause problems in the distribution network.

Collaborative Autonomous Optimization of Interconnected Multi-Energy Systems with Two-Stage Transactive Control Framework

“…Besides, the transformation method introduced in (29) guarantees that X * 2 always meets the power balance constraint (1) and the mutual exclusiveness constraint (11). As for constraints (9), (17), (19), (23):…”

“…According to Theorem 1, without energy curtailment, the model has no incentive to charge and discharge simultaneously [21] and therefore X * 2 = X * 1 . Actually, references [17], [21] have conducted similar relaxation steps, but the precondition as well as the proof are not provided.…”

“…Compared with these methods, transactive energy (TE) developed in recent years uses price as a key operational parameter in collaboration [13]. It has been used in several applications, such as the Grid-SMART demonstration project [14] and the PowerMatching City project [15], as well as in some researches on coordinating networked microgrids [3], [16], [17].…”

Autonomous-Collaborative Energy Optimization for Interconnected Energy Hubs Based on Transactive Control

“…Without loss of generality, assume that ∆S EES * t ≥ 0, and similar proof can be derived when ∆S EES * t < 0. According to (7), the net discharge power change (9) can be simplified as:…”

“…According to Theorem 1, without energy curtailment the model has no incentive to charge and discharge simultaneously [6]. Actually, references [6], [7] have conducted similar relaxation steps under the precondition that this sufficient condition is always established. However, when renewable energies are abundant compared with the local load level, surplus power should be curtailed and this precondition is not established.…”