Aggregation properties of water-soluble metal p hthalocyanines: effect of ionic strength of solution

Abstract

Standard thermodynamic characteristics of dissociation (dimerization) of sulfo and carboxysubstituted metal phthalocyanines were determined for the first time by calorimetric titration. The influence of the nature, number, and position of peripheral substituents of the macrocycle, the electronic structure of the central metal ion, and the ionic strength of solution on the thermodynamic stability of the phthalocyanine dimers was estimated.

Mechanistics and photo‐energetics of macrocycles and photodynamic therapy: An overview of aspects to consider for research

“…Phthalocyanines have become a highly attractive main branch of the photosensitizer family tree due to their ease of synthesis, high yields, chemical purity, strong photoactivity, thermal stability and low cytotoxicity . Phthalocyanines comprise iso‐indole rings, rather than pyrroles, conjugated to benzene rings via aza‐nitrogen bridging instead of methane carbons.…”

Synthesis and selected properties of metallo and metal-free 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24 –octacarboxyphthalocyanines

“…concentration of phthalocyanine, solvents, peripheral substituents, the type of complexated metal ion, ionic strength of the solution and temperature. [49][50][51] Aggregation usually influences application properties of these compounds negatively. Aggregated compounds develop mainly due to interactions of delocalized  electrons of macrocycles.…”

Physical-Chemical Properties of Modified Copper-Phthalocyanine and Its Aqueous Dispersions

“…В ряде работ также описаны явления ассо-циации водорастворимых фталоцианинов в зависимости от эффекта сольватации [6] и ионной силы раствора. [7] Имеются сведения [8] по коллоидным свойствам водных суспензий структурных аналогов фталоцианина.…”