Aggregation pheromones in 2 Australian hard ticks, Ixodes holocyclus and Aponomma concolor

Treverrow, N.; Stone, B. F.; Cowie, Martin R.

doi:10.1007/bf01946573

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Fed immature ticks are unresponsive to the assembly pheromone, but regain responsiveness after molting [54]. Assembly pheromones are produced by multiple ixodid and argasid species including A. cohaerens [33], Aponomma concolor [55], Argas persicus , A. reflexus , A. polonicus [56], Hyalomma dromedarii [57], I. holocylus [55], I. ricinus [58], I. scapularis [59], I. uriae [54], Ornithodoros moubata [60], Rhipicephalus appendiculatus [33], and R. evertsi [61]. Assembly pheromones are found in excreta, caste skins, and on the cuticle of larvae, nymphs, and adult male and female ticks [9,62].…”

Section: Chemistry Of Aggregation and Assembly Pheromonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acarine attractants: Chemoreception, bioassay, chemistry and control

Carr

Roe

2016

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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The Acari are of significant economic importance in crop production and human and animal health. Acaricides are essential for the control of these pests, but at the same time, the number of available pesticides is limited, especially for applications in animal production. The Acari consist of two major groups, the mites that demonstrate a wide variety of life strategies, i.e., herbivory, predation and ectoparasitism, and ticks which have evolved obligatory hematophagy. The major sites of chemoreception in the acarines are the chelicerae, palps and tarsi on the forelegs. A unifying name, the “foretarsal sensory organ” (FSO), is proposed for the first time in this review for the sensory site on the forelegs of all acarines. The FSO has multiple sensory functions including olfaction, gustation, and heat detection. Preliminary transcriptomic data in ticks suggest that chemoreception in the FSO is achieved by a different mechanism from insects. There are a variety of laboratory and field bioassay methods that have been developed for the identification and characterization of attractants but minimal techniques for electrophysiology studies. Over the past three to four decades, significant progress has been made in the chemistry and analysis of function for acarine attractants in mites and ticks. In mites, attractants include aggregation, immature female, female sex and alarm pheromones; in ticks, the attraction–aggregation–attachment, assembly and sex pheromones; in mites and ticks host kairomones and plant allomones; and in mites, fungal allomones. There are still large gaps in our knowledge of chemical communication in the acarines compared to insects, especially relative to acarine pheromones, and more so for mites than ticks. However, the use of lure-and-kill and lure-enhanced biocontrol strategies has been investigated for tick and mite control, respectively, with significant environmental advantages which warrant further study.

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Section: Chemistry Of Aggregation and Assembly Pheromonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acarine attractants: Chemoreception, bioassay, chemistry and control

Carr

Roe

2016

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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“…Young cattle that roam actively on the pasture have the potential to come into contact with the tips of the grass containing tick larvae. This condition causes cattle to be easily attacked by ticks [30]. The entire tick life cycle is completed within two months with the period spent in the host ranging from 17 to 52 days [14].…”

Section: Ectoparasite Infestation Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Ectoparasite infestation on cattle husbandry in oil palm plantation afdeling II, North Sumatra

Tanjung,

Purba

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The occurrence of ectoparasite infestation in cattle contributes significantly to the success of cattle farming. A study on ectoparasite infestation in cattle (Bos sp.) was conducted in the oil palm plantation Afdeling II, Gunung Kataran Village, Tebing Tinggi Subdistrict, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra. The research aimed to determine the types, prevalence, and intensity of infestation in three cattle breeds (Madrasin, Limousin, and Simmental), with each breed consisting of 10 individuals. Ectoparasite samples were collected using two methods: sweeping with a net and manual inspection of the entire cattle body. The identified ectoparasite species included Boophilus microplus, Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, Culex sp., and Haemadipsa sp. The prevalence of ectoparasite infestation across the three breeds (Madrasin, Limousin, and Simmental) ranged from 80% to 100%, falling into the ‘usually-always’ category. The intensity of ectoparasite infestation across the three breeds ranged from 4.22 to 97.4, categorized as ‘light-heavy’. Musca domestica emerged as the most dominant ectoparasite species affecting the cattle in this study. The presence of ectoparasites was found to be significantly influenced by the cleanliness of the rearing environment.”

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“…Additionally, there has been no documentation of volatile sex pheromones, mounting pheromones, or genital pore sex pheromones in I. scapularis , which is of special interest as the vector of the organism that causes Lyme disease. Investigations have identified the presence of aggregation pheromones (previously known as assembly pheromones) in I. holocylus (Treverrow et al 1977), I. ricinus (Graf 1978), I. scapularis (Allan et al 2002; Sonenshine et al 2003), and I. uriae (Benoit et al 2008), although it is still unclear if aggregation pheromones play a role in courtship and mating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of female sex pheromones and characterization of the cuticular lipids of unfed, adult male versus female blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis

et al. 2016

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Copulation in I. scapularis involves physical contact between the male and female (on or off the host), male mounting of the female, insertion/maintenance of the male chelicerae in the female genital pore (initiates spermatophore production), and the transfer of the spermatophore by the male into the female genital pore. Bioassays determined that male mounting behavior/chelicerae insertion required direct contact with the female likely requiring non-volatile chemical cues with no evidence of a female volatile sex pheromone to attract males. Unfed virgin adult females and replete mated adult females elicited the highest rates of male chelicerae insertion with part fed virgin adult females exhibiting a much lower response. Whole body surface hexane extracts of unfed virgin adult females and males, separately analyzed by GC-MS, identified a number of novel tick surface associated compounds: fatty alcohols (1-hexadecanol and 1-heptanol), a fatty amide (erucylamid), aromatic hydrocarbons, a short chain alkene (1-heptene), and a carboxylic acid ester (5β-androstane). These compounds are discussed in terms of their potential role in female-male communication. The two most abundant fatty acid esters found were butyl palmitate and butyl stearate present in ratios that were sex specific. Only 6 n-saturated hydrocarbons were identified in I. scapularis ranging from 10–18 carbons.

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Aggregation pheromones in 2 Australian hard ticks, Ixodes holocyclus and Aponomma concolor

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Acarine attractants: Chemoreception, bioassay, chemistry and control

Acarine attractants: Chemoreception, bioassay, chemistry and control

Ectoparasite infestation on cattle husbandry in oil palm plantation afdeling II, North Sumatra

Evidence of female sex pheromones and characterization of the cuticular lipids of unfed, adult male versus female blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis

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