Aggregation pheromone of the deodar weevll,Pissodes nemorensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Isolation and activity of grandisol and grandisal

Abstract

The bark weevilPissodes nemorensis, a pest of pines and exotic cedars in the southeastern United States, utilizes a male-produced aggregation pheromone. The presumed pheromone components, grandisol (cis-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneethanol) and its corresponding aldehyde, grandisal, were isolated from extracts of male volatiles and male hindguts. A field test in northern Florida showed that the combination of grandisol, grandisal, and slash pine (Pinus elliottii) bolts acted synergistically to attract large numbers of male and femaleP. nemorensis. These components deployed in various paired combinations were not as attractive as the tripartite mixture. There was no evidence that flying weevils were attracted to unbaited pine bolts. The aggregation pheromone forP. nemorensis appears to be similar to that of a parapatric sibling species,P. approximatus.

Identification and genetic diversity of two invasive Pissodes spp. Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in their introduced range in the southern hemisphere

“…The feeding and breeding behaviour on growing leaders is similar to that observed for P. strobi and P. terminalis (Langor & Sperling, 1995), while the feeding and breeding behaviour in the main trunk is similar to that of P. nemorensis and P. schwarzi in their native range (Atkinson et al, 1988;Fontaine et al, 1983;Langor & Sperling, 1997). However, in its native range, P. nemorensis is also known to sometimes infest the terminal leaders of healthy trees (Overgaard & Nachod, 1971;Phillips et al, 1984), thus making it difficult to distinguish damage caused by P. terminalis and P. strobi. Furthermore, hybrids of these two species have been detected in terminal leaders of Pinus (Boyce et al, 1994;Langor & Sperling, 1997).…”

Use of infochemicals in Pest Management with Special Reference to the Banana Weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

“…In the pine weevil Pissodes nemorensis, the maleproduced aggregation pheromones grandisol and grandisal were attractive in the field only when deployed with odours from the host plant (Phillips et al, 1984). The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, responded significantly more to male-produced pheromones deployed with grain than to either pheromone or grain separately (Walgenbach et al, 1987).…”

“…In addition to being used as attractants of insects to traps, kairomones can be used to enhance attractiveness of insects to pheromonebaited traps (Phillips et al, 1984;Giblin-Davis et al, 1994b;Cerda et al, 1999). They may also be used in the dissemination of entomopathogens to target insects (Vega et al, 2000).…”

“…Host plant volatiles (kairomones) are known to enhance the effectiveness of pheromone traps in attracting weevils (Dickens, 1984;Phillips et al, 1984;Giblin-Davis et al, 1994b;Cerda et al, 1999). In the pine weevil Pissodes nemorensis, the maleproduced aggregation pheromones grandisol and grandisal were attractive in the field only when deployed with odours from the host plant (Phillips et al, 1984).…”

Feromônios de agregação em curculionidae (insecta: coleoptera) e sua implicação taxonômica

“…Grandisol, 2a e seu aldeído correspondente grandisal, 1a (Figura 2), foram isolados de machos de P. aproximatus e P. strobi 92 e mostraram ter atratividade feromonal quando foram colocados junto com a planta hospedeira. Philips e colaboradores 93 observaram que machos de P. nemorensis também produzem os mesmos compostos feromonais 2a e 1a presentes em P. aproximatus e P. strobi, e que a combinação de grandisol e grandisal, juntamente com a planta hospedeira, foi a mais atrativa em testes de campo. Hibbard e Webster 94 determinaram a quiralidade desses compostos para P. nemorensis e P. strobi.…”