Aggregation-Induced Emission via the Restriction of the Intramolecular Vibration Mechanism of Pinacol Lanthanide Complexes

Abstract

Pinacol lanthanide complexes PyraLn (Ln = Dy and Tb) with the restriction of intramolecular vibration were obtained for the first time via an in situ solvothermal coordination-catalyzed tandem reaction using cheap and simple starting materials, thereby avoiding complex, time-consuming, and expensive conventional organic synthesis strategies. A high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS) analysis confirmed the stability of PyraLn in an organic solution. The formation process of PyraLn was monitored in detail using time-dependent HRESI-MS, which allowed for proposing a mechanism for the formation of pinacol complexes via in situ tandem reactions under one-pot coordination-catalyzed conditions. The PyraLn complexes constructed using a pinacol ligand with a butterfly configuration exhibited distinct aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior, with the αAIE value as high as 60.42 according to the AIE titration curve. In addition, the PyraLn complexes in the aggregated state exhibit a rapid photoresponse to various 3d metal ions with low detection limits. These findings provide fast, facile, and high-yield access to dynamic, smart lanthanide complex emissions with bright emission and facilitate the rational construction of molecular machines for artificial intelligence.