Aggregation Effect on Phthalocyanine Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency Using Orange G and Methyl Orange as Test‐pollutant Compounds in Aqueous Medium

Abstract

The effect of aggregation on the photocatalytic behavior of two different water‐soluble phthalocyanines (Pcs) bearing four carboxylic‐acid‐functionalized thiophenyl groups, tetrathiophenycarboxyphthalocyanine (H2TCPc) and tetrathiophenycarboxyphthalocyaninato Zn(II) complex (ZnTCPc) have been investigated. The two compounds, H2TCPc and ZnTCPc, showed considerable solubility in water at pH ≈ 7.4, but were found to aggregate even at a concentration as low as 2.5×10−5 M. Two organic dyes, orange G (OG) and methyl orange (MO), were employed as test‐pollutants which were photodegraded in the presence of the Pcs, with and without Triton X‐100 (TX) surfactant. H2TCPc in the absence and presence of TX showed degradation efficiency (DE) of 5.80 and 8.70 % respectively, for OG degradation. For the same OG degradation, ZnTCPc as photocatalyst gave DE of 6.41 and 28.0 % in the absence and presence of TX, respectively. Whereas for the degradation of MO, H2TCPc DE values were respectively found to be 11.0 and 39.0 % in the absence and presence of TX, while ZnTCPc gave 13.3 and 66.0 %, respectively. The ZnTCPc showed considerable low aggregation compared to H2TCPc in the presence of TX, thus resulting in higher DE compared to that of the latter by a factor of 3.2 and 1.7 for OG and MO degradation, respectively. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ▵) obtained for the two Pcs support the observed DE values, and were measured to be 0.50 (50 %) and 0.12 (12 %) for the ZnTCPc and H2TCPc, respectively. The DFT/TDDFT calculated triplet yields for ZnTCPc (0.79) and H2TCPc (0.020), showed linear correlation with their experimental Φ▵ yields.