Aggregation Behavior of Inclusions on the Surface of Liquid‐Oriented Silicon Steel: An In Situ Observation

Abstract

The dynamic behavior of nonmetallic inclusions at the bubble–steel interface is a key factor contributing to the formation of large‐sized inclusions or clustered particles and is particularly important for the production of high‐quality‐oriented silicon steel. In this study, high‐temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy is employed for in situ observation of the agglomeration behavior of Al2O3 inclusions of varying sizes. The critical distance of attraction decreases with the decrease in inclusion size. The effects of particle size, distance, surface tension, density, and different types of inclusions on the capillary force are explored in detail using the Kralchevsky–Paunov model. In the model results, it is highlighted that the degree of influence among the factors affecting the capillary force decreases in the following order: contact angle > size > distance > density > surface tension. Furthermore, the observed results are compared with the model calculation results. The trends of the model calculations and the experimental results show good agreement, but most of the experimental values are higher than the theoretical values. The errors primarily stem from inclusion shape, interference from other inclusion forces, and interactions between the crucible wall and inclusions.