Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Filifactor alocis: Two exotoxin-producing oral pathogens

Ozuna, Hazel; Snider, Ian; Belibasakis, Georgios N.; Oscarsson, Jan; Johansson, Anders; Uriarte, Silvia M.

doi:10.3389/froh.2022.981343

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The latter contributes to the degradation of H 2 O 2 produced by neutrophils and streptococci, protecting A.a from oxidative damage [ 19 ]. The release of cytolethal distension toxin in this environment inhibits phagocytosis, and the release of leukotoxin by A.a promotes neutrophil degranulation or death, which leads to the promotion of bone resorption [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Periodontitis Using Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Human Oral Microbiome in an Experimental Rat Model

et al. 2023

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Periodontal disease is that condition resulting in the destruction of periodontal tissues, bone resorption, and tooth loss, the etiology of which is linked to immunological and microbiological factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential trigger of periodontal disease in a rat model using bacterial species incriminated in the pathology of human periodontitis and to establish their optimal concentrations capable of reproducing the disease, with the idea of subsequently developing innovative treatments for the condition. In this study, we included 15 male Wistar rats, aged 20 weeks, which we divided into three groups. In each group, we applied ligatures with gingival retraction wire on the maxillary incisors. The ligature and the gingival sac were contaminated by oral gavage with a mixture of fresh cultures of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n) and Streptococcus oralis (S.o) in concentrations of 108, 109, and 1010 CFU/mL each for 5 days a week for 4 weeks. During the clinical monitoring period of 28 days, overlapped with the period of oral contamination, we followed the expression of clinical signs specific to periodontitis. We also monitored the evolution of body weight and took weekly samples from the oral cavity for the microbiological identification of the tested bacteria and blood samples for hematological examination. At the end of the study, the animals were euthanized, and the ligated incisors were taken for histopathological analysis. The characteristic symptomatology of periodontal disease was expressed from the first week of the study and was maintained until the end, and we were able to identify the bacteria during each examination. Hematologically, the number of neutrophils decreased dramatically (p < 0.0001) in the case of the 109 group, unlike the other groups, as did the number of lymphocytes. Histopathologically, we identified neutrophilic infiltrate in all groups, as well as the presence of coccobacilli, periodontal tissue hyperplasia, and periodontal lysis. In the 109 group, we also observed pulpal tissue with necrotic bone fragments and pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction. By corroborating the data, we can conclude that for the development of periodontal disease using A.a, F.n, and S.o, a concentration of 109 or 1010 CFU/mL is required, which must necessarily contaminate a ligature thread applied to the level of the rat’s dental pack.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Periodontitis Using Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Human Oral Microbiome in an Experimental Rat Model

et al. 2023

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“…The role of Granulicatella in the periodontal biofilm is less clear, while G. adiacens has shown the ability to co-aggregate with F. nucleatum [31]. Along with the classical periodontal pathogens described by Socransky et al [32][33][34], the list of taxa associated with periodontitis in the present study includes some bacteria recently associated with periodontitis such as Fretibacterium [35], Dialister pneumosintes [36] and Filifactor alocis [37][38][39]. These associations are confirmatory although novel in relation to this specific population of patients with minimal dental care, and all are affected by Mets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Associations between Host Genetic Variants and Subgingival Microbiota in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome

Nibali,

Stephen,

Allaker

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Host genetic variants may affect oral biofilms, playing a role in the periodontitis–systemic disease axis. This is the first study to assess the associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbiota in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS); 103 patients with MetS underwent medical and periodontal examinations and had blood and subgingival plaque samples taken. DNA was extracted and processed, assessing a panel of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) first (hypothesis testing) and then expanding to a discovery phase. The subgingival plaque microbiome from these patients was profiled. Analysis of associations between host genetic and microbial factors was performed and stratified for periodontal diagnosis. Specific SNPs within RUNX2, CAMTA1 and VDR genes were associated with diversity metrics with no genome-wide associations detected for periodontitis severity or Mets components at p < 10−7. Severe periodontitis was associated with pathogenic genera and species. Some SNPs correlated with specific bacterial genera as well as with microbial taxa, notably VDR (rs12717991) with Streptococcus mutans and RUNX2 (rs3749863) with Porphyromonas gingivalis. In conclusion, variation in host genotypes may play a role in the dysregulated immune responses characterizing periodontitis and thus the oral microbiome, suggesting that systemic health-associated host traits further interact with oral health and the microbiome.

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“…For example, in addition to the primary members of the red and orange complexes, there are other bacteria that have been suggested to be involved in PDs. These include: Filifactor alocis, Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Eikenella corrodens, Capnocytophaga spp ., and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , the last three genera already associated with the yellow and green complexes, respectively, whose members are more commonly associated with periodontal health contexts ( Gholizadeh et al, 2017 ; Kang et al, 2021 ; Ozuna et al, 2022 ; Pandian et al, 2023 ). Kang et al (2021) concluded that beyond the red complex T. forsythia and the orange complex C. rectus , F. fastidiosum is also a key driver during microbiota alteration in the progression of periodontitis.…”

Section: Exploring Bacterial Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral microbiota, co-evolution, and implications for health and disease: The case of indigenous peoples

Marcano-Ruiz,

Lima,

Tavares

et al. 2023

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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Evidence indicates that oral microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and disease. For instance, diseases with multifactorial etiology, such as periodontitis and caries, which cause a detrimental impact on human well-being and health, can be caused by alterations in the host-microbiota interactions, where non-pathogenic bacteria give way to pathogenic orange/red-complex bacterial species (a change from a eubiotic to dysbiotic state). In this scenario, where thousands of oral microorganisms, including fungi, archaea, and phage species, and their host are co-evolving, a set of phenomena, such as the arms race and Red or Black Queen dynamics, are expected to operate. We review concepts on the subject and revisit the nature of bacterial complexes linked to oral health and diseases, as well as the problem of the bacterial resistome in the face of the use of antibiotics and what is the impact of this on the evolutionary trajectory of the members of this symbiotic ecosystem. We constructed a 16SrRNA tree to show that adaptive consortia of oral bacterial complexes do not necessarily rescue phylogenetic relationships. Finally, we remember that oral health is not exempt from health disparity trends in some populations, such as Native Americans, when compared with non-Indigenous people.

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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Filifactor alocis: Two exotoxin-producing oral pathogens

Cited by 14 publications

References 67 publications

Induction of Periodontitis Using Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Human Oral Microbiome in an Experimental Rat Model

Induction of Periodontitis Using Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Human Oral Microbiome in an Experimental Rat Model

Associations between Host Genetic Variants and Subgingival Microbiota in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome

Oral microbiota, co-evolution, and implications for health and disease: The case of indigenous peoples

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