Agglutination of single catalyst particles during fluid catalytic cracking as observed by X-ray nanotomography

Meirer, Florian; Kalirai, Samanbir; Weker, Johanna Nelson; Liu, Y.; Andrews, Joy C.; Weckhuysen, Bert M.

doi:10.1039/c5cc00401b

Cited by 45 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…1, the morphological information obtained by nano-TXM is displayed. The particle appears to be a typical FCC catalyst particle when compared with previous studies181920212941: it has a diameter of about 40 μm, shows a denser surface layer of 1–2 μm thickness and a complex macro-pore structure throughout the rest of the particle; the total porosity was determined to 18.8%. In this study, we additionally performed a pore throat analysis45, which revealed a pore throat size distribution peak at about 320 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Relating structure and composition with accessibility of a single catalyst particle using correlative 3-dimensional micro-spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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To understand how hierarchically structured functional materials operate, analytical tools are needed that can reveal small structural and chemical details in large sample volumes. Often, a single method alone is not sufficient to get a complete picture of processes happening at multiple length scales. Here we present a correlative approach combining three-dimensional X-ray imaging techniques at different length scales for the analysis of metal poisoning of an individual catalyst particle. The correlative nature of the data allowed establishing a macro-pore network model that interprets metal accumulations as a resistance to mass transport and can, by tuning the effect of metal deposition, simulate the response of the network to a virtual ageing of the catalyst particle. The developed approach is generally applicable and provides an unprecedented view on dynamic changes in a material's pore space, which is an essential factor in the rational design of functional porous materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Relating structure and composition with accessibility of a single catalyst particle using correlative 3-dimensional micro-spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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“…The detrimental effect of poisoning metals contamination and the zeolite hydrothermal degradation lead the catalyst to irreversible deactivation . Poisoning metals, such as Fe, Ni and V, are normally contained in the vacuum gas oil (VGO) feedstock and are accumulated in a shell‐like manner over time, while the catalyst runs through the reactor‐regenerator cycles . For this reason, their concentration is a direct indicator of the catalytic age of individual equilibrium catalyst (ECAT) particles .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Poisoning of a Cracking Catalyst Unravelled by Single‐Particle X‐ray Fluorescence‐Diffraction‐Absorption Tomography

et al. 2020

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Ni contamination from crude oil in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process is one of the primary sources of catalyst deactivation, thereby promoting dehydrogenation–hydrogenation and speeding up coke growth. Herein, single‐particle X‐ray fluorescence, diffraction and absorption (μXRF‐μXRD‐μXAS) tomography is used in combination with confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) after thiophene staining to spatially resolve Ni interaction with catalyst components and study zeolite degradation, including the processes of dealumination and Brønsted acid sites distribution changes. The comparison between a Ni‐lean particle, exposed to hydrotreated feedstock, and a Ni‐rich one, exposed to non‐hydrotreated feedstock, reveals a preferential interaction of Ni, found in co‐localization with Fe, with the γ‐Al2O3 matrix, leading to the formation of spinel‐type hotspots. Although both particles show similar surface zeolite degradation, the Ni‐rich particle displays higher dealumination and a clear Brønsted acidity drop.

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“…by using surface enhancement structures. 117,146,147 As an example, the catalytic reduction of p-nitrothiophenol (PNTP) on gold NPs was performed and measured using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). 117 Surface enhancement takes place when compounds are in very close proximity to nanoparticles that show plasmonic resonance.…”

Section: Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidics and catalyst particles

et al. 2019

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In this review article, we discuss the latest advances and future perspectives of microfluidics for micro/ nanoscale catalyst particle synthesis and analysis. In the first section, we present an overview of the different methods to synthesize catalysts making use of microfluidics and in the second section, we critically review catalyst particle characterization using microfluidics. The strengths and challenges of these approaches are highlighted with various showcases selected from the recent literature. In the third section, we give our opinion on the future perspectives of the combination of catalytic nanostructures and microfluidics. We anticipate that in the synthesis and analysis of individual catalyst particles, generation of higher throughput and better understanding of transport inside individual porous catalyst particles are some of the most important benefits of microfluidics for catalyst research. SynthesisThis section focuses on the most recent approaches within the last 8 years. For a more extensive overview of the synthesis of nanostructures focused on the processes taking place inside the microfluidic systems, 5 the final application 4 or the microfluidic technology used 6,7 we refer the reader to other review articles. Metal nanoparticlesMetal nanoparticles exhibit very interesting catalytic, optical, chemical, electromagnetic and magnetic properties, all of them depending to a large degree on their size and composition. Regarding catalysis, a decrease of the NP size leads to a surface-area increase per mass, providing more active sites. Also, the surface structure is of vital importance for the NP selectivity: the presence of steps, edges or terraces in the atomic surface can influence the reaction pathways to Lab Chip, 2019, 19, 3575-3601 | 3575 This journal is

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Agglutination of single catalyst particles during fluid catalytic cracking as observed by X-ray nanotomography

Abstract: X-ray nanotomography of a complete FCC particle cluster reveals increased metal concentrations at the interface of agglutinated E-cat particles, which might play a crucial role E-cat particle clustering.

Cited by 45 publications

References 29 publications

Relating structure and composition with accessibility of a single catalyst particle using correlative 3-dimensional micro-spectroscopy

Relating structure and composition with accessibility of a single catalyst particle using correlative 3-dimensional micro-spectroscopy

Nickel Poisoning of a Cracking Catalyst Unravelled by Single‐Particle X‐ray Fluorescence‐Diffraction‐Absorption Tomography

Microfluidics and catalyst particles

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