Agglomeration of particles during roasting of zinc sulfide concentrates

Benlyamani, M.; Ajersch, F.

doi:10.1007/bf02657127

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There have been limited studies related to sintering of concentrates during roasting. With some studies on zinc concentrates during oxidative roasting, [12][13][14] sintering has been only occasionally discussed for copper-rich concentrates, [10] lacking a detailed mineralogical investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mineralogical Investigation of Sintering in Cu-Rich Polymetallic Concentrates During Roasting in Inert Atmosphere

Prasad

Lennartsson

Samuelsson

2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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Four different Cu-rich polymetallic concentrates (additionally comprising Zn, Pb and impurity elements As, Sb) from various deposits in Sweden are examined, in particular for the sintering tendency during roasting in inert atmosphere. Experiments performed in a laboratory-scale roasting setup between 200 °C and 700 °C in intervals of 100 °C revealed that significant sintering initiates from 500 °C for all four concentrates. Two sintering mechanisms are determined from the examination of the sintered calcines: (1) solid-state assimilation of Cu-, Zn- and Fe-bearing main sulphide minerals to form a high-temperature solid solution, the iss phase belonging to the Cu-Fe-Zn-S system; (2) low-melting liquid phase formation due to partial melting of galena facilitated by the presence of impurity-bearing minerals, mainly the arsenopyrite and Sb sulphosalts such as tetrahedrite. Galena also forms a melt below 700 °C with the iss phase. Therefore, the presence of galena in polymetallic concentrates generally increases the susceptibility to early sintering. These experiments in inert atmosphere facilitate a fundamental study with practical relevance to the roasting in low oxidation potential environments, favourable for volatilization of impurity elements such as As and Sb.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mineralogical Investigation of Sintering in Cu-Rich Polymetallic Concentrates During Roasting in Inert Atmosphere

Prasad

Lennartsson

Samuelsson

2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…At 800 and 900 °C, the final products of deep roasting are formed containing hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and diopside (Fe0.015Mg0.985SiO3 at 800 °C and Fe0.15Mg1.82Si2O6 at 900 °C), which originate in the above reactions. At 800 °C, franklinite (ZnFe2O4) and copper ferrite of the composition CuFe5O8 can additionally be formed, and at 900 °C -zinc silicate (ZnSiO3), tenorite (CuO), and delafossite (CuFeO2); the first three of these phases are the products of the following reactions [29,63,84]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of solid-state oxidation of iron, copper and zinc sulfide mixture

2023

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The kinetics of solid-state oxidation by air of iron, copper and zinc sulfide natural mixture, which is typical of the pyritic copper ores, is investigated. Using the high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, it was found that the process can be represented by five exothermic elementary reactions, corresponding to intensive burning of iron, copper and zinc sulfides, and two endothermic ones, associated with decomposition of copper and iron sulfates. Kinetic analysis is performed by Kissinger and Augis–Bennett methods, the model-free function mechanism was determined from y(α) master plots and iterative optimization of the kinetic parameters. The limiting steps of these reactions are nucleation and crystal growth, and the values of activation energy, pre-exponential factor and Avrami exponent are in the ranges of 140–459 kJ·mol–1, 1.41·104–3.49·1031 s–1, and 1.0–1.7, respectively. Crystallization is followed by an increase in the number of nuclei, which may be formed both at the interface and in the bulk of the ore particles, and crystal growth is one-dimensional and controlled by a chemical reaction at the phase boundary or diffusion. The results of the work can contribute to the development of theoretical ideas about the physicochemical transformations of pyritic ores and concentrates during pyrometallurgical operations.

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“…Synthetically prepared FeS, (Zn, Fe)S and pure ZnS were reacted in an experimental setup to investigate agglomeration of these sulphides (Benlyamani and Ajersch, 1986). Only solid state sintering was observed in ZnS reacted at 1050°C.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinter formation in zinc roasting

Coetsee¹,

Naudé²,

Richards³

et al. 2013

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

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Excessive sinter formation in zinc roasters leads to defluidisation of the bed so that production time is lost in clearing the collapsed bed from the roaster in preparation for restart of the roaster process. At Exxaro's Zincor plant the roaster feed concentrate consisted of a blend of Rosh Pinah, Black mountain and an import concentrate. The possible formation of unwanted sinter material was investigated by thermochemical simulation of the roaster process using FactSage software. The mineralogical composition of the individual feed concentrate streams was quantified by QemScan analyses. This mineralogical analysis was simplified and then used as input into the FactSage simulation calculations. The thermochemical simulation results were used to aid in the process interpretation of mineralogical analyses of samples from a failed bed, as compared to an acceptable roaster product sample.

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Agglomeration of particles during roasting of zinc sulfide concentrates

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

A Mineralogical Investigation of Sintering in Cu-Rich Polymetallic Concentrates During Roasting in Inert Atmosphere

A Mineralogical Investigation of Sintering in Cu-Rich Polymetallic Concentrates During Roasting in Inert Atmosphere

Kinetics of solid-state oxidation of iron, copper and zinc sulfide mixture

Sinter formation in zinc roasting

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