Ageratina adenophora Inhibits Spleen Immune Function in Rats via the Loss of the FRC Network and Th1–Th2 Cell Ratio Elevation

Ren, Zhihua; Gao, Pei; Okyere, Samuel Kumi; Cui, Yujing; Wen, Juan; Jing, Bo; Deng, Junliang; Hu, Yanchun

doi:10.3390/toxins13050309

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The experimental period was 60 days. The dose of the A. adenophora powder used in this experiment was based on a pilot experiment that indicated that feeding mice with a mixture of 30% A. adenophora leaf powder and 70% basal diet for a period of 60 days did not affect feed intake [ 64 , 65 ]. Throughout the experiment, drinking water was provided to rats ad libitum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageratina adenophora Disrupts the Intestinal Structure and Immune Barrier Integrity in Rats

Cui

Okyere

Gao

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ageratina adenophora on the intestines morphology and integrity in rat. Rats were randomly divided into two groups and were fed with 10 g/100 g body weight (BW) basal diet and 10 g/100 g BW experimental diet, which was a mixture of A. adenophora powder and basal diet in a 3:7 ratio. The feeding experiment lasted for 60 days. At days 28 and 60 of the experiment, eight rats/group/timepoint were randomly selected, weighed, and sacrificed, then blood and intestinal tissues were collected and stored for further analysis. The results showed that Ageratina adenophora caused pathological changes and injury in the intestine, elevated serum diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate (D-LA), and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels, reduced occludin levels in intestinal tissues, as well as increased the count of intraepithelial leukocytes (IELs) and lamina propria leukocytes (LPLs) in the intestine (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). In addition, the mRNA and protein (ELISA) expressions of pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-ϒ) were elevated in the Ageratina adenophora treatment groups, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 were reduced (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Therefore, the results obtained in this study indicated that Ageratina adenophora impaired intestinal function in rats by damaging the intestine structure and integrity, and also triggered an inflammation immune response that led to intestinal immune barrier dysfunction.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageratina adenophora Disrupts the Intestinal Structure and Immune Barrier Integrity in Rats

Cui

Okyere

Gao

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…Flow cytometry assay was carried out as described by Ren et al [ 40 ]. After incubation, cells were analyzed in a FACScalibur flow cytometer (BD Biosciences).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yiqi Jiemin decoction alleviates allergic rhinitis in a guinea pig model by suppressing inflammation, restoring Th1/Th2 balance, and improving cellular metabolism

Yan

Liu

Yuan

et al. 2021

Aging

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We investigated the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Yiqi Jiemin decoction (YJD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) model in guinea pigs. YJD significantly decreased infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils into the nasal mucosa of AR model guinea pigs. YJD also increased expression of TGF-β in the nasal mucosa, restored the balance of Th1/Th2 immune cell responses, and decreased serum levels of various pro-inflammatory mediators, including histamine (HA), neuropeptide Y (NPY), acetylcholine (ACH), norepinephrine and immunoglobulin E (IgE). Metabolic analyses using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed that YJD improved cellular metabolism in AR model guinea pigs and increased serum levels of glycocholic acid while decreasing levels 1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid. RNA-sequencing analysis identified BPIFB2 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for AR. Functional enrichment analyses showed that YJD significantly inhibited cytokine secretion pathways in AR model guinea pigs. These findings demonstrate that YJD protects against OVA-induced AR in guinea pigs by suppressing inflammation in the nasal mucosa, restoring Th1/Th2 balance, and improving cellular metabolism.

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“…The exposure of animals to A. adenophora causes an elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) parameters, such as nitric oxide, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, leading to the damage of DNA and proteins in addition to altering the cellular architecture, permeability and cell survival [ 32 , 33 ]. A. adenophora is reported to trigger a series of downstream signaling cascades and further interrupt signaling pathways associated with cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis [ 3 ].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanism Of a Adenophora Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another current research reported that A. adenophora causes toxicity in the spleen by destroying the fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network and causing an imbalance in the Th1–Th2 cell ratio [ 33 ]. The study speculated that A. adenophora ingestion induces a persistent inflammatory response in the spleen, which in turn could lead to the activation and promotion of T cell immunity, resulting in splenic dysfunction.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanism Of a Adenophora Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview: The Toxicity of Ageratina adenophora on Animals and Its Possible Interventions

Ren

Okyere

Wen

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Ageratina adenophora is one of the major invasive weeds that causes instability of the ecosystem. Research has reported that A. adenophora produces allelochemicals that inhibit the growth and development of food crops, and also contain some toxic compounds that cause toxicity to animals that consume it. Over the past decades, studies on the identification of major toxic compounds of A. adenophora and their toxic molecular mechanisms have been reported. In addition, weed control interventions, such as herbicides application, was employed to reduce the spread of A. adenophora. However, the development of therapeutic and prophylactic measures to treat the various A. adenophora—induced toxicities, such as hepatotoxicity, splenotoxicity and other related disorders, have not been established to date. The main toxic pathogenesis of A. adenophora is oxidative stress and inflammation. However, numerous studies have verified that some extracts and secondary metabolites isolated from A. adenophora possess anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation activities, which implies that these extracts can relieve toxicity and aid in the development of drug or feed supplements to treat poisoning-related disorders caused by A. adenophora. Furthermore, beneficial bacteria isolated from rumen microbes and A. adenophora can degrade major toxic compounds in A. adenophora so as to be developed into microbial feed additives to help ameliorate toxicity mediated by A. adenophora. This review presents an overview of the toxic mechanisms of A. adenophora, provides possible therapeutic strategies that are available to mitigate the toxicity of A. adenophora and introduces relevant information on identifying novel prophylactic and therapeutic measures against A. adenophora—induced toxicity.

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Ageratina adenophora Inhibits Spleen Immune Function in Rats via the Loss of the FRC Network and Th1–Th2 Cell Ratio Elevation

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Ageratina adenophora Disrupts the Intestinal Structure and Immune Barrier Integrity in Rats

Ageratina adenophora Disrupts the Intestinal Structure and Immune Barrier Integrity in Rats

Yiqi Jiemin decoction alleviates allergic rhinitis in a guinea pig model by suppressing inflammation, restoring Th1/Th2 balance, and improving cellular metabolism

An Overview: The Toxicity of Ageratina adenophora on Animals and Its Possible Interventions

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