Agents Encountered during Arboviral Ecological Studies: Tampa Bay Area, Florida, 1963 to 1970 *

Wellings, F. M.; Lewis, Arthur L.; Pierce, L. V.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1972.21.201

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…EEEV-positive pools were directly tested and quantified by using 2 independent tests (plaque titration and qRT-PCR). Our results were consistent with those of other studies ( 1 , 28 – 35 ), which showed that most EEEV isolations were from Cs . melanura mosquitoes and several other mosquito species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…morsitans mosquitoes, depending on the region. These 2 species comprised 46%–100% of all isolations from field-collected mosquitoes in published studies ( 1 , 28 – 35 ) and 62%–92% of all EEEV-positive mosquito pools reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through ArboNET during 2004–2009. The remaining virus isolations come from a diversity of species, some of which were implicated as bridge vectors largely on the basis of local abundance, temporal and spatial distribution in relationship to human cases, and virus isolation during epidemics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in Mosquitoes and Their Role as Bridge Vectors

Armstrong¹,

Andreadis²

2010

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in Mosquitoes and Their Role as Bridge Vectors

Armstrong¹,

Andreadis²

2010

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…triseriatus during peak transmission where several other species (Culex nigripalpus Theobald, Cs. melanura) were considered to be primary vectors (Wellings et al 1972). Similar to the situation reported here, the MIR of the Florida population was very high (1:58) due to the low number of mosquitoes collected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Mosquito and Arbovirus Activity During 1997-2002 in a Wetland in Northeastern Mississippi

et al. 2004

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The species composition and population dynamics of adult mosquitoes in a wetland near Iuka, MS, were analyzed over a 6-yr period (1997-2002) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection rates of arboviruses determined during five of those years. Blood meals of three likely vector species were identified using a PCR-based method that allows identification of the host to species. Culex erraticus (Dyar & Knab) composed 51.9% of the population during the 6-yr period with 295 females collected per trap night. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus was detected in six genera of mosquitoes [Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker), Culex restuans Theobald, Culex salinarius Coquillett, Culex erraticus (Dyar & Knab), Anopheles crucians Wiedemann, Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, Aedes vexans (Meigen), Ochlerotatus triseriatus Say, and Psorophora ferox Humboldt) with positive pools occurring in 1998, 1999, and 2002. Culiseta melanura Coquillett occurred at a low level (< 1%) and was not infected. Saint Louis encephalitis virus was detected once in a single pool of Cx. erraticus in 1998. Neither West Nile virus nor LaCrosse virus was found. Minimum infection rates per 1000 females tested of competent vectors of EEE virus were variable and ranged from 0.14 for Cx. erraticus to 40.0 for Oc. triseriatus. Thirty-nine species of birds were identified in the focus with blood-engorged mosquitoes found to contain meals (n = 29) from eight avian species. The majority of meals was from the great blue heron, Ardea herodias L. (n = 55%), but when bird abundance data were adjusted for avian mass, the brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater (Boddaert); blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata (L.); and northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos (L.), were overrepresented as hosts.

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“…The movement of the virus to horses and humans is accomplished by bridge vector species of Aedes, Coquillettidia, and Culex (Chamberlain 1958, Dalrymple et al 1972, Crans et al 1986. Culex species are potential enzootic vectors of EEEV in Florida and Latin America (Chamberlain 1958, Downs et al 1959, Shope et al 1966, Wellings et al 1972, Dietz et al 1980. Recent evidence suggests that Cs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Tennessee: 2002–2008

et al. 2012

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Human and equine outbreaks caused by eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) typically occur in North America adjacent to coastal wetlands associated with the presence of Culiseta melanura (Coquillet) mosquitoes. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) is an emerging disease in Tennessee, as the first records of equine disease began in 2002. In 2006 we trapped and tested mosquitoes for EEEV at hardwood swamps in western Tennessee that were at the epicenter of a multi-equine outbreak in fall of 2005. Additionally, the Tennessee Valley Authority tested mosquito pools collected in Tennessee swamps from 2000 to 2007 for the presence of arboviruses. Two pools of EEEV positive Culex erraticus (Dyer and Knab) mosquitoes were found (one each in 2003 and 2004) in a county adjacent to where the 2005 outbreak occurred. In 2008, another EEE outbreak involving multiple horses occurred in West Tennessee. A brain specimen was collected from a horse during this outbreak and the first isolate of EEEV from Tennessee was obtained. In total, 74,531 mosquitoes collected from 2000 to 2008 were tested via polymerase chain reaction and VecTest for EEEV. The traditional enzootic vector, Cs. melanura, was found in low numbers at all collection sites. Cx. erraticus, however, was consistently found in high numbers and was the only mosquito species in which EEEV was detected. We suggest that EEE transmission may be maintained by Cx. erraticus in a nontraditional cycle. We discuss the importance of a nontraditional cycle from the perspective of EEEV adaptation and emergence.

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Agents Encountered during Arboviral Ecological Studies: Tampa Bay Area, Florida, 1963 to 1970 *

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in Mosquitoes and Their Role as Bridge Vectors

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in Mosquitoes and Their Role as Bridge Vectors

Mosquito and Arbovirus Activity During 1997-2002 in a Wetland in Northeastern Mississippi

Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Tennessee: 2002–2008

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