Abstract:Context: It has been observed the incipient development of the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in electricity markets at the distribution level.Method: DER participation by an integrator agent is proposed. The integrator agent allows DER to participate as suppliers of energy to the network operator and / or the energy market at the distribution level. Sequence diagrams and mathematical formulas were proposed, for fixing the price of energy by relying on a case study.
Results:The results show … Show more
“…Considering the concept of EC described in the previous section, there is a need to evolve regulatory aspects from technical‐economic triggers 36 . For this evolution to the EC model, the disruptive triggers can be regarding carbon mitigation, shifting utility regulatory models, flexibility, renewables promotion, and distributed energy resources adoption 37 .…”
Summary
The global energy matrix has been transforming in recent years and today it is moving toward a decentralized form of management for the generation of clean energy worldwide. With this, new ways of management for the energy environment has been emerging, being the Energy Cloud (EC), through cloud computing, one of these trends that seek to optimize the process of generation, distribution, storage and energy consumption, making the most flexible and dynamic energy market. Given these motivations, the objective of this article is to discuss the proposal of a series of technical, economic, and environmental standards for energy management in a cloud computing environment. For this, a systematic review was carried out to identify these regulatory suggestions, where through the reading and analysis of 121 articles, 72 suggestions were extracted and classified according to the layers and management support blocks of from EC management environment. Besides, these policies were grouped according to their approach into technical, economic, and environmental factors to identify what was already proposed by the academy's authors and what are the regulatory deficiencies for EC. These regulatory suggestions can be used by policy‐makers, researchers, and managers of this innovative energy management environment, which is the EC.
Novelty Statement
This study consists of a regulatory proposal for Energy Cloud (EC), an innovative energy management environment. As there is still no regulatory body responsible for the regulation of EC, the main contribution of this article is the proposal of a regulation layer. In this sense, 72 suggestions for standards were raised, presenting a new layer for EC.
“…Considering the concept of EC described in the previous section, there is a need to evolve regulatory aspects from technical‐economic triggers 36 . For this evolution to the EC model, the disruptive triggers can be regarding carbon mitigation, shifting utility regulatory models, flexibility, renewables promotion, and distributed energy resources adoption 37 .…”
Summary
The global energy matrix has been transforming in recent years and today it is moving toward a decentralized form of management for the generation of clean energy worldwide. With this, new ways of management for the energy environment has been emerging, being the Energy Cloud (EC), through cloud computing, one of these trends that seek to optimize the process of generation, distribution, storage and energy consumption, making the most flexible and dynamic energy market. Given these motivations, the objective of this article is to discuss the proposal of a series of technical, economic, and environmental standards for energy management in a cloud computing environment. For this, a systematic review was carried out to identify these regulatory suggestions, where through the reading and analysis of 121 articles, 72 suggestions were extracted and classified according to the layers and management support blocks of from EC management environment. Besides, these policies were grouped according to their approach into technical, economic, and environmental factors to identify what was already proposed by the academy's authors and what are the regulatory deficiencies for EC. These regulatory suggestions can be used by policy‐makers, researchers, and managers of this innovative energy management environment, which is the EC.
Novelty Statement
This study consists of a regulatory proposal for Energy Cloud (EC), an innovative energy management environment. As there is still no regulatory body responsible for the regulation of EC, the main contribution of this article is the proposal of a regulation layer. In this sense, 72 suggestions for standards were raised, presenting a new layer for EC.
“…The evolution of current energy management systems to an ECM system also depends on evolution in the energy markets, which should have greater freedom, decentralization, dynamicity, and are without intermediaries [67,113]. Among the options for this evolution, the creation of cooperative systems can be cited so that users have greater negotiating power in the electricity market [7], and also have a decrease in marginal costs in the purchase and sale of energy from virtual power plants (VPP) [85] by taking into account that the optimal cost is when all devices are operating under ideal technical and safety conditions [48]. Concerning the price, in addition to the use of price as a tool for controlling energy consumption [66], the creation of dynamic electricity tariffs [14,29,32,46,47,65,119,120] may also contribute to the solidification of the ECM systems.…”
Section: Support Blocksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This support block acts to audit the users' authentication system [49], and also includes security audits, privacy impact audits, and performance audits [52]. However, considering the integration of several technological elements and professional interdisciplinarity, there is a need to establish audit protocols in the operations to be carried out in the ECM environment [128] by seeking the transparency of the processes carried out in the cloud [112] and the energy market [85], which is always striving for maintenance of ethical aspects in this management system [102].…”
The use of emerging technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, and Big Data, is increasing as tools to assist the management of data and information related to energy systems grow. This allows for greater flexibility, scalability of solutions, optimization of energy use, and management of energy devices. In this sense, the objective of this research is to present the basic elements and requirements for the energy cloud and its management and discuss the main management challenges and opportunities for the development and diffusion of the energy cloud. This study was based on a systematic review carried out to identify the elements that compose the energy cloud and what is necessary for its management, and to list the challenges and opportunities that may be explored by researchers and practitioners. The results show that the layout for the energy cloud and its management can be structured in layers and management support blocks’ format. It was found that 70 basic elements make up the main layers and 36 basic elements make up the management support blocks. The findings of this article also provide insights into the technical, scientific, and management development necessary for the evolution of energy systems toward the cloud computing environment.
“…However, the adequate management and coordination of DERs may provide multiple benefits to the system, such as reduced grid losses [5], increased flexibility [6], reduced power congestion on transmission lines [5], peak load shaving [7], reactive power contribution [8], demand management [9] and system resilience [10], among others. Currently, the challenges of the electricity sector are no longer sustained exclusively in the search for new models of systems that are capable of guaranteeing efficiency, firmness and flexibility in…”
In this article, we focus on the development and scope of virtual power plants (VPPs) as a strategy to facilitate the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the power system. Firstly, the concepts about VPPs and their scope and limitations are introduced. Secondly, smart management systems for the integration of DERs are considered and a scheme of DER management through a bottom-up strategy is proposed. Then, we analyze the coordination of VPPs with the system operators and their commercial integration in the electricity markets. Finally, the challenges that must be overcome to achieve the large-scale implementation of VPPs in the power system are identified and discussed.
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