“…Common examples of CODS include biological body systems, biological society systems, environmental and weather systems, space, universe systems, human body systems, machine systems, traffic/transport systems, human organizational systems, human beings society systems, politic, economic, military systems, to just mention a few. The complexity of CODS is essentially attributed to the inherent autonomy of the sub-systems and the dynamic intricate interactions among the sub-systems, which give rise to the distributing, emergent and self-organizing properties and system-of-systems architectures [31].…”