Agenesis of the venous duct with abnormal return of the umbilical vein into the superior vena cava: A case report

Abstract

Introduction: Agenesis of the venous duct is rare, with an incidence rate of .04%-.6%.Abnormal drainage of the umbilical vein (UV) to superior vena cava (SVC) is seen in .5% of agenesis of the venous duct cases. We present a case of agenesis of the venous duct with drainage of the UV into the SVC accompanied by tetralogy of Fallot. Case presentation:The fetus was diagnosed with agenesis of the venous duct and tetralogy of Fallot at 29 gestational weeks. The UV directly returned to the SVC. Cardiomegaly and pericardial effusion were observed but did not deteriorate. The female infant was born at 40 gestational weeks. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed that the UV was occluded at its proximal aspect. No abnormality of the portal system was noted. The infant underwent intracardiac repair and was doing well at 16 months of age. CASE PRESENTATION An 18-year-old woman with an established spontaneous pregnancy was referred to our hospital. At 27 weeks of gestation, the fetus was 1142

Right Superior Vena Cava Agenesis and Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava: Literature Review and Case Report

“…Genetic studies have revealed insights into the underlying pathogenesis of RSVC agenesis and PLSVC, although further research is needed to elucidate the genetic basis and identify potential risk factors for these venous anomalies (13).…”

“…Interestingly, these anomalies have been reported across different age groups, from infants to adults. Elgendy et al presented a case of absent RSVC with persistent LSVC diagnosed in a 27-year-old patient through contrast-enhanced computed tomography (Mori et al, 2022).…”

“…Further imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) angiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or venography may be required to confirm the diagnosis and delineate the anatomical details of the venous system. Contrast-enhanced CT or MRI allows for visualization of the venous anatomy and can accurately identify the presence of RSVC agenesis, PLSVC, or other associated anomalies (Mori et al, 2022) (Sayici & Ari, 2023).…”

“…Imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) angiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and echocardiography play a crucial role in diagnosing and characterizing venous anomalies. These techniques provide detailed anatomical information, allowing for accurate identification of RSVC agenesis, PLSVC, and associated cardiovascular abnormalities (López et al, 2019) (Mori et al, 2022).…”

“…During fetal development, three pairs of cardinal veins (anterior, common, and posterior) drain the upper body into the heart. Typically, the right anterior cardinal vein regresses, while the left anterior cardinal vein incorporates into the coronary sinus and left brachiocephalic vein, ultimately forming the left superior vena cava (Mori et al, 2022). However, in RSVC agenesis, the right anterior cardinal vein fails to develop properly, leading to the absence or hypoplasia of the right superior vena cava (Vignesh & Bhat, 2022).…”