Ageing-related Anatomical and Ultrastructural Changes in Leaves of Birch (Betula pendula Roth.) Clones as Affected by Low Ozone Exposure

Pääkkönen, E.; Holopainen, Toini; Kärenlampi, L.

doi:10.1006/anbo.1995.1023

Cited by 78 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We interpret these changes as an indication of the sensitivity of Vitis vinifera to tropospheric ozone which resulted in morphological response. This is in accordance with previous studies, in which O 3 sensitivity has been correlated with leaf thickening (Crang & McQuattie, 1986;Bennett et al, 1992;Pääkkönen et al, 1995;Bussotti et al, 1998;Oksanen et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…In some places the cell wall reached a thickness as large as 1 µm. Previous studies have reported that ozone may injure plants by increasing the thickness of the mesophyll cell wall (Pääkkönen et al, 1995;Günthardt-Goerg, 1996;Günthardt-Goerg et al, 1997;Polle et al, 2000). In addition to confirming these reports, we found deposits of callose on the inner side of the cell walls of mesophyll cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tropospheric ozone-induced structural changes in leaf mesophyll cell walls in grapevine plants

Ljubešić

Britvec

2006

Biologia

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Abstract:The structural changes in leaves of grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L.) exposed to different ozone concentrations were investigated. Ozone fumigations were performed in open-top chambers at four different ozone levels (charcoal-filtered air (F), ambient air (N), ambient air + 25 mm 3 m −3 ozone (O-25) and ambient air + 50 mm 3 m −3 ozone (O-50)). The leaves of plants from chambers with increased ozone concentrations (O-25 and O-50) were significantly thicker than the controls (F), owing to increased thickness of the mesophyll layer. Observing O-50 leaves, it was found that the mesophyll cell wall displayed structural changes. In some places cell wall thickness increased up to 1 µm. We found callose deposits on the inner side of the cell walls of mesophyll cells. These data are in accord with the concept that the mesophyll cell wall acts as a barrier against the penetration of tropospheric ozone into the cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric ozone-induced structural changes in leaf mesophyll cell walls in grapevine plants

Ljubešić

Britvec

2006

Biologia

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“…As observed in these two species, sclerophyllous adaptations include the development of cells with thick walls and more supportive tissue that can affect gas diffusion inside the leaves. Thick leaves are considered to be more ozone-tolerant than thinner leaves (Pääkkönen et al, 1995a(Pääkkönen et al, , 1997Bennet et al, 1992;Lyons et al, 2000;Karlsson et al, 2007), in part because of differences in the gas-phase diffusion pathways (Chappelka and Samuelson, 1998). The presence of cells with thick walls strongly influences the length of the diffusion pathway for ozone and modifies the interaction with oxidative constituents of the apoplast; the density of the cell wall (i.e., degree of cross-linking, suberification or lignification) would also be expected to influence the tortuosity of the diffusion pathways for ozone (reviewed in Lyons et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, both the most tolerant (Q. ilex) and the most sensitive (Q. pyrenaica) species did not show significant differences in stomatal index and stomatal density. In Betula spp., it has been suggested that leaves with a higher stomatal density may be more resistant to ozone (Pääkkönen et al, 1995a(Pääkkönen et al, , 1997(Pääkkönen et al, , 1993Lyons et al, 2000), probably because an even distribution of ozone uptake may facilitate a greater interception and Table 7 Different components of biomass and plant height for the two ozone treatments (mean AE SE, n ¼ 7e9 measured at the end of the experiment) and P values of main factors in two-way ANOVA. Significant differences between treatments are indicated with an asterisk (t-test, *P < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of evergreen and deciduous Quercus species to enhanced ozone levels

Calatayud

Cerveró

Calvo

et al. 2011

Environmental Pollution

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t r a c tPlants of one evergreen oak (Quercus ilex) and three deciduous oaks (Q. faginea, with small leaves; Q. pyrenaica and Q. robur, with large leaves) were exposed both to filtered air and to enhanced ozone levels in Open-Top Chambers. Q. faginea and Q. pyrenaica were studied for the first time. Based on visible injury, gas exchange, chlorophyll content and biomass responses, Q. pyrenaica was the most sensitive species, and Q. ilex was the most tolerant, followed by Q. faginea. Functional leaf traits of the species were related to differences in sensitivity, while accumulated ozone flux via stomata (POD 1.6 ) partly contributed to the observed differences. For risk assessment of Mediterranean vegetation, the diversity of responses detected in this study should be taken into account, applying appropriate critical levels.

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“…dos Bandeirantes, submetidas à altas concentrações de poluentes primários. O aumento na densidade estomática foi registrado por outros autores, em diferentes plantas submetidas a poluentes aéreos (Masuch et al 1992;Päänkkönen et al 1995;Päänkkönen et al 1997) e déficit hídrico (Larcher 2000).…”

Section: Comparando Folhasunclassified

Análise estrutural de folhas de Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) coletadas em ambientes rural e urbano, SP, Brasil

2008

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São Paulo, diferem quanto à estrutura foliar, de exemplares encontrados em área rural, isenta de poluentes aéreos urbanos. Foram avaliadas, comparativamente, as dimensões da folha e, em microscopia de luz, a espessura dos tecidos foliares, a densidade de estômatos e de cristais da espécie, coletada em área rural e em dois pontos da cidade de São Paulo: canteiro central da Avenida dos Bandeirantes, com tráfego veicular intenso, portanto com alta carga de poluentes primários, e no Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI) submetido a altas concentrações de poluentes secundários. Buscaram-se variações que possam ser decorrentes da poluição urbana. As folhas coletadas no meio urbano mostraram menores dimensões, menor espessura do mesofilo, maior densidade estomática e maior quantidade de cristais. A espessura do parênquima lacunoso sofreu redução, quando se comparam as plantas do ambiente rural e urbano; observou-se a menor espessura nas folhas submetidas a poluentes secundários. Não foram observadas variações qualitativas entre as folhas dos três locais avaliados. Considerando que folhas coletadas no meio urbano variaram menos entre si, quando comparadas àquelas de área rural, acredita-se que a poluição aérea da cidade possa ser responsável, pelo menos em parte, pelas variações observadas. Exposições padronizadas, em ambiente monitorado, devem ser realizadas para comprovar tal hipótese.Palavras-chave: anatomia foliar, Eugenia uniflora, poluição aérea, ambiente urbano, pitanga ABSTRACT -(Leaf anatomy of Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) in urban and rural environments, São Paulo State, Brazil). The aim of this study was to compare leaves of Eugenia uniflora from the city of São Paulo with leaves of plants from a rural site. Leaf size, tissue thickness, and stomatal and crystal density of E. uniflora growing at two sites in the city of São Paulo were investigated by light microscopy and compared with samples from a rural area. The level and types of air pollutants varied at the urban sites. Primary pollutants were present on Bandeirantes Avenue and secondary ones in the park (Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga -PEFI). Urban leaves were smaller, thinner and with higher stomatal and crystal density. We observed greater spongy parenchyma thickness in leaves from the avenue when compared to those from the park. No qualitative differences were observed between urban and rural leaves. Leaves from the two urban sites showed similarities, but were different from rural leaves, so we believe that the differences observed may be attributed to the polluted environment of São Paulo. In order to confirm this hypothesis, control experiments should be done.Key words: leaf anatomy, Eugenia uniflora, air pollution, urban environment, "pitanga" IntroduçãoAs plantas que vivem no meio urbano, numa grande metrópole como São Paulo, sofrem os efeitos da poluição do ar oriunda, principalmente, da grande frota automotiva, que produz uma carga elevada de poluentes gasosos e particulados (CETESB 2004). A observação de troncos de árvores q...

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Ageing-related Anatomical and Ultrastructural Changes in Leaves of Birch (Betula pendula Roth.) Clones as Affected by Low Ozone Exposure

Cited by 78 publications

References 16 publications

Tropospheric ozone-induced structural changes in leaf mesophyll cell walls in grapevine plants

Tropospheric ozone-induced structural changes in leaf mesophyll cell walls in grapevine plants

Responses of evergreen and deciduous Quercus species to enhanced ozone levels

Análise estrutural de folhas de Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) coletadas em ambientes rural e urbano, SP, Brasil

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