Ageing in Down's Syndrome

Hewitt, Kevin; Carter, G; Jancar, J.

doi:10.1192/bjp.147.1.58

Cited by 61 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Reported effects of institutionalization on cognitive and/or adaptive functioning among MR individuals have been variable. Sloan and Harmon [1947] noticed a decrease in I& with age whereas Goodman 119761 and Hewitt et al [1985] scores, but does not explain the distribution of difference scores about a mean 1 SD below zero. As explanatory variables, regression-to-the-mean and age tested account for less than 20% of the adjusted variance in the difference scores.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 49%

Relationship between age and IQ among fragile X males: A multicenter study

Fisch

Arinami²,

Froster-Iskenius

et al. 1991

Am. J. Med. Genet.

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Longitudinal decline in IQ among fragile X males was reported recently. However, there are problems in retesting IQ that may affect scores. Two such factors are intertest time interval and score obtained on the first test. To determine the generality of IQ score changes, we examined 101 fragile X males from 6 centers. To ensure high test-retest reliability, only results from Stanford-Binet and Wechsler tests were used. Thus there were retest scores from 60 subjects. Test-retest reliability between first and last scores was very good (r = 0.85) and comparable to those seen in nonfragile X mentally retarded individuals. Also computed were z-scores of differences in IQ scores. The z-score differences were distributed about a mean at 1 SD below the expected zero value. Eighteen subjects showed statistically significant decreases in IQ, 6 showed statistically significant increases, while 5 showed the same scores. Z-score differences were not correlated with type of residence or elapsed intertest interval, but were negatively correlated with first score obtained, indicating a regression-to-the-mean effect. Using a multiple regression analysis, we found first score obtained, age tested, and age retested significant predictors of score differences, accounting for 19% of the total variance. These results suggest that factors previously identified as affecting retest scores have a smaller effect than originally thought. It is suspected that decline in IQ is associated with dynamic neurological processes and needs to be investigated further.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 49%

Relationship between age and IQ among fragile X males: A multicenter study

Fisch

Arinami²,

Froster-Iskenius

et al. 1991

Am. J. Med. Genet.

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“…These have been reported in the range of a few percent in those aged 30-39 years, between 10 and 25% in the 40-49 age group, between 20 and 50% in the 50-59 age group and between 30 and 75% in those over 60 (Hewitt et al, 1985;Wisniewski et al, 1985;Lai and Williams, 1989;Holland et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Personality and behaviour changes mark the early stages of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down's syndrome: findings from a prospective population-based study

Ball

Holland

Hon

et al. 2006

Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry

157

148

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These findings confirm that the early presentation of AD in DS is characterized by prominent personality and behaviour changes, associated with executive dysfunction, providing support for the notion that the functions of the frontal lobes may be compromised early in the course of the disease in this population. This has important implications for the diagnosis, treatment and management of dementia in people with DS.

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“…Another major area of interest is the abilities of adults with Down's syndrome – intelligence, academic and daily living skills – and these have also received attention. Initially most studies were concerned with cross‐sectional studies of people in long‐stay hospitals, who were reported to have mean mental ages (MAs) of between 38 and 49 months ( Hewitt et al 1985 ; Fenner et al 1987 ). On the other hand mean MAs of community‐based adults have generally been given as around 70–80 months, ranging from 71 to 73 months ( Gibson et al 1988 ; Holmes 1988) to 74–78 months ( Haxby 1989; Burt et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual and Daily Living Skills of 30‐year‐olds with Down's Syndrome: Continuation of a Longitudinal Study

Carr¹

2000

Research Intellect Disabil

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A cohort of infants with Down's syndrome (DS) born in 1964 were followed up again at the age of 30. They were tested on intelligence, language, reading and arithmetic, and their daily living skills were assessed. Comparison with the same tests given 9 years earlier showed almost no change. As before, higher scores were found for the women, those brought up at home, and, for language and reading, for those from social class nonmanual (NM) families but fewer of the differences were now significant. These results, demonstrating considerable stability over the period from age 21–30, are discussed with reference to other relevant research.

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Ageing in Down's Syndrome

Cited by 61 publications

References 10 publications

Relationship between age and IQ among fragile X males: A multicenter study

Relationship between age and IQ among fragile X males: A multicenter study

Personality and behaviour changes mark the early stages of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down's syndrome: findings from a prospective population-based study

Intellectual and Daily Living Skills of 30‐year‐olds with Down's Syndrome: Continuation of a Longitudinal Study

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